Academic interest in athletic performance is ongoing. To examine the correlation between athletic performance and athletes’ personality types, data extraction in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was completed in October 2021, and a meta-analysis was performed using 180 data from 18 selected papers using the “meta” package version 4.8-4 of R Studio 3.3.3. As a result, these selected studies proved to have reliable quality in proceeding with this study via quality assessment. The overall effect of personality on athletic performance (AP) was ESr = 0.124, p < 0.01. Furthermore, only conscientiousness (ESr = 0.178, p < 0.001) and extroversion (ESr = 0.145, p < 0.01), among the five personality types, showed statistically significant results, and these two personality types had a positive correlation with performance. In the publication bias test, this study found that (a) agreeableness had a publication bias; but, with an additional test using trim-and-fill, (b) the effect was not significant enough to be considered. In addition, the analysis of the moderating effects was conducted in four aspects, and all moderating effect analyses showed statistically significant differences between the groups, demonstrating the heterogeneity of this study. Therefore, this study found a significant relationship between personality and athletic performance and showed the importance of conscientiousness and extroversion.

Previous studies have shown that burnout negatively affects athletes’ mental health. To further explore this subject, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by combining data from previous studies. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic and reliable research and completed data extraction using 10 databases and 8 keywords in December 2021. There were 93 cases of initially extracted data from the selected articles (n = 14) and the meta-analysis was conducted using the “meta” package, version 4.8-4 of R Studio 3.3.3, with data (k = 77) excluding other-oriented perfectionism data (k = 16). The results showed that self-oriented perfectionism had a negative effect on sports devaluation (SD) (ESr = −0.246, p < 0.001), and socially prescribed perfectionism had a positive effect on emotional/physical exhaustion (ESr = 0.150, p < 0.05) and SD (ESr = 0.138, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the test for publication bias showed that no groups had asymmetrical data, and four moderator analyses were conducted to prove the heterogeneity (I²) of the total effect size; however, there was no difference among groups (Q_B), thereby resulting in unexplained variance. Consequently, this study presents variable data that determine the effects of perfectionism and burnout on elite athletes.

This study examined strokes, marital intimacy, marital satisfaction, and divorce intentions among participants who are members of a couple, based on their leisure sports participation. We conducted a questionnaire survey with 321 participants. The validity and reliability were checked, and a multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences between groups. The results revealed that among couples engaging in the same leisure sports activity, positive stroke was high, and negative and no strokes were low. Couples not engaging in the same activity exhibited a partial positive effect when both or one of the individuals engaged in leisure sports activities. Among couples in which both individuals did not engage in leisure sports activities, negative results were found for all factors. Furthermore, couples engaging in the same activity showed high marital intimacy and satisfaction. Moreover, couples engaging in the same activity showed the lowest intention to divorce, whereas couples who did not engage in leisure sports activities showed the highest intention to divorce. These findings suggest that leisure sports activities positively affect relationships, and this effect increases when couples participate in the same sport. Future research should investigate methods for couples to engage in leisure activities and how they can be activated.

Golf is one of the leisure sports that offers various benefits and has become a popular public sport with participation from people of various age groups. A total of 262 questionnaires were distributed online, with 240 valid responses collected after excluding 22 with non-responses or partial answers. The results showed statistically significant differences in enjoyment by age group, except for recognition from others. Regarding physical health, those in their 60s and above had higher mean scores than other age groups, and those in their 50s scored higher than those in their 30s. Stress relief was greater among those in their 50s than among those in their 20s and 30s, while socialization was higher among those in their 50s than in their 20s. However, for skill improvement, participants in their 20s scored higher than those in their 50s and 60s and above. Exercise commitment and intention to continue participation also varied significantly by age group, with older participants generally scoring higher. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed significant differences in psychological factors among the age groups. Specifically, amateur golfers aged 50 and above showed higher mean scores in all variables compared to younger groups.

Modern members of society tend to feel stressed in their workplace and at home, but exercising has been shown to effectively reduce stress and increase quality of life and satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate and compare stress relief, life satisfaction, and quality of life based on marriage status and gender among members of society who participate in exercise. We used a questionnaire survey with 311 participants, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and a post hoc analysis. The study results showed that the single groups demonstrated higher mean scores in stress relief than the married groups. Conversely, the married groups showed higher mean scores in life satisfaction and quality of life compared with the single groups, and there were no gender differences in any of the results. In conclusion, it seems that these results were affected by the single groups’ high autonomy and the married groups’ sense of stability in the family.

As the older adult population rapidly increases, society is entering an aged era, and attention to measures that promote healthy aging is growing. Golf, a widely practiced leisure sport, offers physical and psychological benefits for older adults. This study examined differences in successful aging, loneliness, and depressive mood according to marital status among older adults engaged in golf. A survey was conducted with 189 older adults. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation, validity and reliability testing, multivariate analysis of variance, and post hoc tests. Statistically significant differences emerged across marital status groups. No significant differences were found in psychological aging. In physical and social aging, the married group showed more favorable outcomes than the divorced group, and in social aging, the bereaved group also scored higher than the divorced group. Emotional loneliness was greater among divorced and bereaved participants than among married ones, whereas social loneliness and depressive mood were highest in the divorced group. In sum, marital status was significantly associated with successful aging, loneliness, and depressive mood in older adults who play golf. Although golf participation was associated with more favorable psychological outcomes, divorced individuals remain particularly vulnerable in several domains, possibly owing to persistent social stigma.