In recent years, there have been frequent blackouts caused by voltage instability worldwide, causing huge economic losses. The highly centralized load center at the receiving end needs to feed a lot of energy from the remote power center in China, which makes the transmission capacity of the power grid closer to the transmission limit, and the transient voltage stability is facing severe challenges. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the transient voltage stability in depth. This paper reviews the research achievements of transient voltage stability in the past 20 years, and combs the main content of transient voltage stability research in detail, such as the definition, classification, analysis method, instability mechanism and stability criterion of transient voltage stability. Finally, the key issues in the study of transient voltage stability, such as instability mechanism, analysis methods and load models, are discussed.

Cutting-edge technologies are promoting the manufacturing industry to a higher level through the integration of information communication technology (ICT) and advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT), which leads to the revolution of traditional industry to intelligent industry. As a key enabling technology, digital twin technologies can effectively solve the problem of information and physical integration. Digital twin has demonstrated significant potential across various industries, garnering considerable attention from both industrial and academic sectors. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric and systematic review of nearly 9,000 publications, reconstructing DT’s historical trajectory from 1969 to 2025 through a four-stage conceptual evolution framework: Static Unidirectional Mapping, High-Fidelity Modeling, Bidirectional Interaction & CPS Integration, and Dynamic Bidirectional Intelligence.We propose a novel functional classification of DT technologies, namely visualization, digitization, dynamic simulation, and feature simulation, which reflects their lifecycle progression and multi-technology integration. Typical industrial applications are synthesized, and actionable research pathways are identified, including real-time data integration, cross-domain model interoperability, and predictive operational optimization. It clarifies some concepts and technologies that are unclear in the literature, which instructs and guides people in various industrial and academic backgrounds to develop and use digital twin properly in future.

A lot of research work has studied the auction mechanism of uncertain advertising cooperation between the e-commerce platform and advertisers, but little has focused on pricing strategy in stable advertising cooperation under a certain market power structure. To fill this gap, this paper makes a study of the deep interest distribution of two parties in such cooperation. We propose a pricing strategy by building two stackelberg master-slave models when the e-commerce platform and the advertiser are respectively the leader in the cooperation. It is analyzed that the optimization solution of the profits of both parties and the total system are affected by some main decision factors including the income commission proportion, the advertising product price and the cost of advertising effort of both parties’ brand in different dominant models. Then, some numerical studies are used to verify the effectiveness of the models. Finally, we draw a conclusion and make some suggestions to the platforms and the advertisers in the e-commerce advertising cooperation.