Societies worldwide are under increasing pressure to reduce carbon footprints, combat air pollution, and address climate change. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) represent a sustainable transportation solution to mitigate environmental issues. Despite growing consumer demand, BEV adoption rates remain relatively low. This study extends the theory of planned behavior to analyze factors influencing consumer adoption intentions for BEVs in Spain. The research incorporates the constructs Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, Subjective Norm, Moral Norm, Environmental Concern, and a unique consumer ‘profile’ dimension comprising experience, education, and gender, alongside the moderating variable of ‘price sensitivity’. This study comprises 1816 responses collected through an online survey, and it utilized the partial least squares structural equation model. The empirical findings indicate that Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, Subjective Norm, and Moral Norm significantly impact consumer adoption intention. Attitude emerges as the strongest influencer, emphasizing the significance of personal beliefs. Environmental Concern suggests environmentally conscious consumers may lean toward BEV adoption due to positive attitudes. The ‘profile’ dimension does not affect the relationship toward adoption intention. Price sensitivity moderates these relationships, indicating pricing strategies and incentives could significantly influence BEV adoption decisions. These findings offer practical guidance for governments and manufacturers aiming to promote sustainable, eco-friendly transportation methods in the face of global environmental challenges.

Purpose: This paper aims to elaborate on the crucial effects that a seemingly detrimental policy change in Spain has had on the international entrepreneurial activities of domestic renewable energy (RE) firms.Design/methodology/approach: Primary data were collected from nine RE companies in Spain and then triangulated with secondary data and interviews from informants in other local institutions.Findings: Domestic RE firms, due to an institutional scape driver action, reacted to an increasingly uncertain and generally more adverse renewable energy policy framework in this country by preferring to internationalise towards foreign markets that had lower political uncertainty than the domestic one.Research limitations/implications: This paper complements previous research primarily on firm-specific factors that enhance internationalising firms’ survival and growth through a focus on the impact of a changing institutional-political environment at the home country-level.Practical implications: Practitioners in the RE sector should analyse the risk of focusing only on the home market, as it can be too dependent on uncontrolled variations in domestic energy policy.Social implications: The findings indicate that a more stable and supportive, long-term perspective in the domestic RE policy is essential for the sustained growth and development of this emerging industry.Originality/value: To analyse the strategy by which a number of purposefully selected companies were able to use international expansion as a survival-seeking strategy against a drastic policy-level change in the domestic RE market.