With the rapid development of sensing, communication, computing technologies, and analytics techniques, today’s manufacturing is marching towards a new generation of sustainability, digitalization, and intelligence. Even though the significance of both sustainability and intelligence is well recognized by academia, industry, as well as governments, and substantial efforts are devoted to both areas, the intersection of the two has not been fully exploited. Conventionally, studies in sustainable manufacturing and smart manufacturing have different objectives and employ different tools. Nevertheless, in the design and implementation of smart factories, sustainability, and energy efficiency are supposed to be important goals. Moreover, big data based decision-making techniques that are developed and applied for smart manufacturing have great potential in promoting the sustainability of manufacturing. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of sustainable and smart manufacturing is first reviewed based on the PRISMA framework, with a focus on how they interact and benefit each other. Key problems in both fields are then identified and discussed. Specially, different technologies emerging in the 4th industrial revolution and their dedications on sustainability are discussed. In addition, the impacts of smart manufacturing technologies on sustainable energy industry are analyzed. Finally, opportunities and challenges in the intersection of the two are identified for future investigation. The scope examined in this paper will be interesting to researchers, engineers, business owners, and policymakers in the manufacturing community, and could serve as a fundamental guideline for future studies in these areas.

Fault diagnosis for rolling elements in rotating machinery persistently receives high research interest due to the said machinery's prevalence in a broad range of applications. State-of-the-art methods in such setups focus on effective identification of faults that usually involve a single component while rejecting noise from limited sources. This paper studies the data-based diagnosis of mixed faults coming from multiple components with an emphasis on model robustness against a wide spectrum of external perturbation. A dataset is collected on a rotor and bearing system by varying the levels and types of faults in both the rotor and bearing, which results in 48 machine health conditions. A duplet classifier is developed by combining two 1-D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that are responsible for the diagnosis of rotor and bearing faults, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed classifier can reliably identify the onset and nature of mixed faults. In addition, one-vs-all classifiers are built using the features generated by the developed 1-D CNNs as predictors to recognize previously unlearned fault types. The effectiveness of such classifiers is demonstrated using data collected from four new fault types. Finally, the robustness and ability to reject external perturbation of the duplet classification model are analyzed using kernel density estimation (KDE).

Federated learning (FL) has received widespread attention for decentralized training of deep learning models across devices while preserving privacy. Industrial Big Data in key applications such as healthcare, smart manufacturing, autonomous driving, and robotics is inherently multisource and heterogeneous. Recent studies have shown that the quality of the global FL model deteriorates in the presence of such non-IID data. To address this, we present a novel clustered FL framework called federated learning via Agglomerative Client Clustering (FLACC). FLACC greedily agglomerates clients or groups of clients based on their gradient updates while learning the global FL model. Once the clustering is complete, each cluster is separated into its own federation, allowing clients with similar underlying distributions to train together. In contrast with existing methods, FLACC does not require the number of clusters to be specified a priori , can handle client fractions, and is robust to hyperparameter tuning. We demonstrate the efficacy of this framework through extensive experiments on three benchmark FL datasets and an FL case study simulated using industrial mixed fault classification data. Qualitative clustering results show that FLACC accurately identifies clusters in the presence of various statistical heterogeneities in the client data. Quantitative results show that FLACC outperforms vanilla FL and state-of-the-art personalized and clustered FL methods, even when the underlying clustering structure is not apparent.