We propose a self-powered remote multi-sensing system for traffic sensing which is powered by the collective energy harvested from the mechanical vibration of the road caused by the passing vehicles and from the temperature gradient between the asphalt of the road and the soil underneath. A stacked piezoelectric transducer converts mechanical vibrations into electrical energy and a thermoelectric generator harvests the thermal energy from the thermal gradient. Electrical energy signals from the stacked piezoelectric transducer and the thermoelectric generators are converted into usable DC power to recharge the battery using AC-DC and DC-DC converters working simultaneously. The multi-sensing system comprises an embedded system with a microcontroller that acquires data from the sensors and sends the sensory data to an IoT transceiver which transmits the data as RF packets to an ethernet gateway. The gateway converts the RF packets into Internet Protocol (IP) packets and sends them to a remote server. Laboratory and road-testing results showed over 98% sensory data accuracy with the system functioning solely powered by the energy harvested from the alternative energy sources. The successful maximum transmission distance obtained between the IoT, and the gateway was approximately 1 mile, which is a considerable transmission distance achieved in an urban environment. Successful operation of the self-powered multi-sensing system under both laboratory and road conditions contributes considerably to the fields of energy harvesting and self-powered remote sensing systems. The energy flow chart and efficiency for the steps in the system were found to be mechanical power from vehicles to the energy harvester of 0.25%, stacked PZT transducer efficiency was found to be 37%, and for the TEGs the efficiency is 11%. AC-to-DC and DC-to-DC converters’ efficiencies were found to be 90% and 11%. The wireless communication RF transceiver efficiency was found to be 62.5%.

Drop-on-demand (DoD) printing is an additive manufacturing technique that utilizes functional inks containing nanoparticles (NPs) to fabricate electronic circuits or devices on a variety of substrates. One of the most promising applications for such technology is the aerospace industry, due to the capability of this method to fabricate custom low-weight geometric films. This work evaluates the performance of a gold (Au) nanoparticle (NP)-based film printed on a ceramic substrate for avionics applications, following the environmental temperature guidance of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) DO-160. Experimental results show that the Au films, printed on alumina substrates, successfully survived the environmental temperature procedures for airborne equipment. The thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the films was measured to be $2.7\times {10}^{-3} {°\mathrm{C}}^{-1}.$

Magnetoelectric composites enable strain-mediated coupling between magnetic and electric fields, supporting applications in sensors, actuators, and tunable devices. This study presents a finite element modeling framework for simulating the direct magnetoelectric effect in core–shell and layered nanocomposites fabricated by material jetting (inkjet printing). The model incorporates nonlinear magnetostrictive behavior of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and size-dependent piezoelectric properties of barium titanate, allowing efficient simulation of complex interfacial strain transfer. Results show a strong dependence of coupling on field orientation, particle arrangement, and interfacial geometry. Simulations of printed droplet geometries, including coffee ring droplet morphologies, reveal enhanced performance through increased surface area and directional alignment. These findings highlight the potential of material jetting for customizable, high-performance magnetoelectric devices and provide a foundation for simulation-guided design.