Erythroderma is a condition characterized by erythema affecting at least 90% of the skin surface area. It can be caused by various underlying conditions. Due to nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings, determining the cause may pose a challenge. In the retrospective study, we identified 212 patients hospitalized for erythroderma in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology at Wroclaw Medical University between January 2012 and March 2022. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features, as well as the management of patients, were studied. The median age of adults was 61 years (IQR = 47–68). The most common causes of erythroderma were psoriasis (n = 49, 24.01%), followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) (n = 27, 13.23%), and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) (n = 27, 13.23%). Despite laboratory tests and histopathological examination, the etiology of erythroderma remained undetermined in 39 cases (19.12%). In 70.59% of patients, it was the first episode of erythroderma, while 29.41% experienced a recurrent episode. Regardless of the etiology of erythroderma, patients were most frequently treated with systemic antihistamines (146 cases, 71.57%) and systemic steroids (132 cases, 64.71%). Patients with idiopathic erythroderma constitute the greatest diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, requiring particularly thorough evaluation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been a global epidemic since the 1980s, with the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) aiming to eliminate it as a public health threat by 2030. As of 2017, 36.9 million individuals were living with HIV worldwide, making HIV infection a leading cause of death globally. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective biomedical prevention method that can reduce the risk of HIV transmission by over 90% when taken consistently. This review examines the awareness and knowledge of PrEP among students, focusing on variations across gender, race, sexual orientation, study type, university type, and country of residence. A literature search conducted in the MEDLINE database between February and March 2024 identified 26 relevant studies published in the last ten years. Findings reveal significant disparities in PrEP awareness and knowledge, influenced by factors such as field of study and geographic location. While healthcare students generally show higher awareness levels, gaps remain, particularly among non-healthcare students and in different regions. Targeted educational initiatives are crucial to enhance PrEP acceptance and utilization. Addressing these gaps is essential for improving HIV prevention efforts and ultimately achieving UNAIDS' 2030 objective.

TANGO2 deficiency disorder is an autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the TANGO2 gene. First described in 2016, the disorder is characterized by acute metabolic crises, neurological dysfunctions, developmental delays, and intellectual disabilities. Laboratory findings indicate a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defect, with metabolic crises often triggered by stressors such as illness or fasting. The TANGO2 protein, implicated in lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cellular homeostasis, is critical for maintaining lipid droplets, regulating phospholipid levels, and facilitating protein and lipid transport between cellular compartments. Symptoms of TANGO2 deficiency are diverse, including psychomotor delays, intellectual impairments, seizures, ataxia, and episodic neurological symptoms known as TANGO2 spells. Diagnosis involves genetic testing, with several pathogenic variants identified. During metabolic crises, patients may experience severe cardiac and metabolic disturbances. No curative treatment exists; management includes B-vitamin supplementation, antiepileptic drugs, and interventions for spasticity, dystonia, thyroid dysfunction, and arrhythmias. TANGO2 deficiency disorder can co-occur with DiGeorge syndrome, complicating diagnosis due to overlapping symptoms. Improved awareness and diagnostic strategies are crucial for effective management of this underrecognized condition.

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effects of oral collagen supplementation on joint function, muscle recovery, and overall musculoskeletal health in athletes. Collagen, a key protein in the body, is essential for the health of joints, muscles, and connective tissues. As collagen production declines with age, supplementation has become a promising strategy for improving athletic performance and reducing injury risk. This review analysed recent studies published from 2016 onwards, focusing on the impact of collagen supplementation, particularly in combination with regular training. The research involved a comprehensive literature search in the MEDLINE database, initially identifying 82 records, with 39 undergoing quality assessment. Ultimately, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that collagen peptides significantly enhance joint stability, reduce pain, and accelerate recovery from injuries such as Achilles tendinopathy. Moreover, collagen supplementation combined with resistance training was shown to improve muscle strength, body composition, and recovery markers more effectively than training alone. The review also highlights collagen's role in extracellular matrix remodelling and anti-inflammatory responses, offering potential benefits in tissue repair and injury prevention. These results suggest that collagen supplementation could be a valuable addition to athletes' training regimens, warranting further research to optimize dosing strategies and explore its mechanisms of action.

Diabetes mellitus affects over half a billion people worldwide and is associated with numerous complications, including diabetic gastroparesis, characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction. Although diabetic gastroparesis does not affect life expectancy, it significantly impairs digestion and medication absorption, complicating glucose metabolism and health management, thus reducing quality of life. The etiology of diabetic gastroparesis is multifactorial, involving autonomic neuropathy, vagus nerve dysfunction, disturbances in interstitial cells of Cajal, nitric oxide synthesis, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress. Symptoms include early satiety, bloating, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and unintentional weight loss, which complicate diabetes management by causing unpredictable glycemic control. Despite advancements in understanding diabetic gastroparesis, it remains underdiagnosed due to its often asymptomatic nature. Further research is needed to elucidate its epidemiology and pathophysiology, particularly in asymptomatic patients. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, and clinical consequences of diabetic gastroparesis, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and management strategies.

Gastroparesis, a complication of diabetes, is characterized by delayed gastric emptying without obstruction. It arises from chronic hyperglycemia-induced damage to the autonomic and enteric nervous systems, manifesting primarily as nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and bloating. This condition severely impacts quality of life and glycemic control, increasing the risk of further diabetes-related complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential, involving stringent glycemic control, lifestyle changes, pharmacological therapy, and sometimes surgical interventions. Diagnostic approaches include ruling out other causes, followed by tests like scintigraphy, radiological examination, and breath tests. Treatment begins with dietary modifications and, if necessary, progresses to enteral or parenteral nutrition. Glycemic management is crucial, with specific medications either recommended or contraindicated. Pharmacological treatments include metoclopramide and domperidone, though both have significant side effects. Emerging therapies involve ghrelin and motilin agonists, and antidepressants like mirtazapine. Gastric electrical stimulation, endoscopic, and surgical procedures offer additional treatment avenues for severe cases. Effective management of gastroparesis can substantially improve patient outcomes and long-term diabetes management.