Emotional Eating (EE) patterns have been shown to play a relevant role in the development of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to analyze the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in university students from Huelva. The EEQ was administered to 1282 students (age 22.00 (±5.10), BMI 23.59 (±6.74)), belonging to the University of Huelva. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out. The internal structure of the questionnaire, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were analyzed. Principal component analysis of the questionnaire showed two dimensions, explaining 56% of the variance. Internal consistency showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.859 globally, and of 0.841–0.855 if the items were removed. The corrected item-total correlation yielded values of 0.444–0.687. The test-retest stability was ICC = 0.924 (p < 0.001). The data showed significant correlations between EEQ and the rest of the variables, and a Spearman’s Coefficient ranging from −0.367 to 0.400. The fit indexes were good for the confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained with this structure found an adequate reliability and validity of the questionnaire in comparison with previous studies.

Caregivers of people suffering from dementia may go through a grieving process prior to the death of the cared-for person, which is related to mental health and physical problems. Interventions aimed at improving grief and depression are being used in response to these difficulties. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the grief process in home-based caregivers of people with dementia with the aim of reducing grief and depression. A systematic review, including a meta-analysis, was designed. Following the PRISMA guideline, original articles were searched in the databases: Medline, WOS, Scopus and PsycINFO, up to September 2022. Articles that evaluated interventions aimed at improving the grief process in caregivers of people with dementia, whose care recipients were alive at the beginning of the study at minimum and living at home were selected. Grief and depression were considered outcome variables. A meta-analysis was carried out with a fixed effects model for these variables and for the domains of the Caregiver Grief Scale (CGS). Eight articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the interventions aimed at improving the grief process showed an improvement in grief and depression. The 'emotional pain' and 'absolute loss' domains of the CGS stood out with an improvement in these variables. Interventions aimed at improving the grief process are relatively effective in reducing grief and depression. Interventions that are even more effective and more robust studies are needed.

Background and Objectives: Dementia grief in family caregivers of people with dementia refers to grieving prior to the death of the care recipient. It is related to psychosocial risk factors that may have a negative impact on the health of these family caregivers. This study aimed to describe the relationship between depressive symptoms, caregiver strain, and social support with dementia grief in family caregivers of people with dementia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 250 family caregivers of people with dementia participated. Dementia grief was the main variable, and depressive symptoms, caregiver strain, and social support were assessed. Additionally, socio-demographic data were collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a bivariate correlation analysis and a multiple linear regression analysis were performed for dementia grief. Results: Higher scores for dementia grief were found in women, in family caregivers of patients at advanced stages of dementia, and in family caregivers with a low level of education. High levels of depressive symptoms and caregiver strain and low levels of social support indicated greater intensity of dementia grief. Depressive symptomatology was the variable with the greatest influence on dementia grief. Caregiver strain and social support also related to dementia grief, but to a lesser extent. Conclusions: In family caregivers, depressive symptoms, caregiver strain, and social support are related to the intensity of dementia grief, with a greater influence of depressive symptoms. Moreover, being female, having a low level of education, and caring for a care recipient at an advanced stage of dementia are factors associated with increased dementia grief. Concerning study limitations, the sample was restricted, belonging to a specific region of Spain and to a Provincial Federation of associations. It is necessary to exercise caution in generalizing results due to the sociodemographic and geographical characteristics of the sample.

Background: Caregivers of people with dementia may experience characteristic grief linked to present and anticipated losses before the physical death of the care recipient occurs, which is related to physical and mental health problems. The Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Inventory‐Short Form (MM‐CGI‐SF) is an instrument that assesses this type of grief. Since there are no studies on an adaptation of the MM‐CGI‐SF to the Spanish population, the aim of the study was to evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of caregivers of dementia patients. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was carried out. The tool was translated and adapted into Spanish, which was administered to 250 caregivers of people with dementia in the province of Huelva, together with other related instruments. Descriptive statistics and internal consistency reliability were calculated using Cronbach's alpha, for the total questionnaire and for each subscale. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed and the Spanish version of the MM‐CGI‐SF was correlated with the rest of the variables by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: 80.4% of the participants were female and had high levels of caregiver grief ( = 64.62, SD = 14.86). Cronbach's alpha for the general questionnaire was 0.927 and between 0.822–0.854 for its subscales. The fit values of the CFA were: x ² = 202.033, degrees of freedom = 121, x ² /df = 1.670, TLI = 0.954, CFI = 0.963, SRMR = 0.047, RMSEA = 0.052; and all the correlations were statistically significant. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the MM‐CGI‐SF shows adequate psychometric properties. Thanks to this instrument, health professionals may measure caregiver grief, get closer to the reality of dementia care, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to manage this grief.

Background: Internet and social media addiction have become a health problem due to their negative impact on health and well-being. Internet use time is also frequently examined as an outcome, offering complementary insight into usage patterns. Health education is a key tool during adolescence to promote healthy behaviours, supporting self-regulation and fostering healthier patterns of Internet and social media use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions for reducing Internet addiction, Internet use time, and social media addiction among adolescents. Methods: We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were experimental or quasi-experimental designs involving adolescents and evaluating health education interventions, with outcomes on Internet addiction, Internet use time, or social media addiction. A search was conducted in Medline, WoS, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed Central. Study selection, data extraction, and synthesis were performed independently by pairs of researchers. To evaluate risk of bias, the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used for randomised studies, and ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results: Sixteen studies with 13,562 participants were included in the systematic review. Six were included in the meta-analysis for Internet addiction. Most interventions were conducted in educational settings, with participants showing variability in their Internet use patterns across studies. Across studies, observed characteristics included group delivery and participatory approaches, parental involvement, promotion of healthier Internet use, and inclusion of broader educational content addressing health-promotion topics. The review found generally favourable effects on Internet addiction and Internet use time. Evidence on social media addiction was limited. The meta-analysis for Internet addiction showed a statistically significant difference in favour of the intervention, with a large effect size (SMD = − 1.88; 95% CI [− 2.64, − 1.11], p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed a large and significant effect in adolescent only interventions (SMD = − 1.93; 95% CI [− 2.84, − 1.02], p < 0.0001) and in parent involved interventions (SMD = − 1.81; 95% CI [− 2.95, − 0.68], p = 0.002). Conclusions: Health education shows promise for reducing Internet addiction and Internet use time among adolescents. Evidence on social media addiction remains limited. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024568029).

Objective: To construct and validate a questionnaire about the attitude of university students toward health promotion. Method: A cross-sectional study. A questionnaire of 14 questions was designed and administered to 1486 first -year undergraduates. The principal axes factoring method with oblique rotation was applied and a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. Reliability was calculated through internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha and item -total correlation for the global scale and its subscales. Results: A 14 -item scale was constructed, with two dimensions. Its Cronbach's alpha was 0.872, and 0.852, and 0.718 for its subscales. The adjustment values of the confirmatory factor analysis were adequate. Conclusions: The attitude towards health promotion scale has shown to have adequate psychometric properties. It is an instrument that will help to detect referents and health assets for future interventions. (c) 2024 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espan a, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).