Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME) greatly limits the tumor-killing therapeutic efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT); this phenomenon is further exacerbated by increased glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells. Simultaneously, cancer starvation therapy is increasingly recognized nowadays as a promising clinical translation, but the efficacy of glucose oxidase (GOx)-based starvation therapy is also limited by the lack of oxygen in the tumor. Glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key glycolytic enzyme and can therefore be a target for starvation therapy in the absence of oxygen engagement. Here, we proposed thiol-ene click reactions based on a two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) modification for tumor treatments to enable the combination of SDT and starvation therapy. Experimental studies demonstrated that the prepared material could consume GSH and GAPDH free from oxygen in TME, which benefited from the thiol-ene click reactions between the MOFs and thiol substances in cancer cells. Further experiments in vitro and in vivo indicated the prepared MOF materials could kill cancer cells efficiently. This study is expected to create a promising avenue for thiol-ene click reactions in SDT and starvation therapy for cancer.

Seamounts are distributed globally across the oceans and are generally considered oases of biomass abundance as well as hotspots of species richness. Diverse microbial communities are essential for biogeochemical cycling, yet their functional partitioning among seamounts with geographic features remains poorly investigated. Through metagenomic sequencing and genome-resolved analysis, we revealed that Proteobacteria (33.18–40.35%) dominated the bacterial communities, while Thaumarchaeota (5.98–10.86%) were the predominant archaea. Metagenome-assembled genomes uncovered 117 medium-quality genomes, 81.91% of which lacked species-level annotation, highlighting uncultured diversity. In the Nazuna seamount, which is located in the Marcus-Wake seamount region, microbiomes exhibited heightened autotrophic potential via the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle and dissimilatory nitrate reduction, whereas in the Magellan seamounts regions, nitrification and organic nitrogen metabolism were prioritized. Sulfur oxidation genes dominated Nazuna seamount microbes, with 33 MAGs coupling denitrification to sulfur redox pathways. Metal resistance genes for tellurium, mercury, and copper were prevalent, alongside habitat-specific iron transport systems. Cross-feeding interactions mediated by manganese, reduced ferredoxin, and sulfur–metal integration suggested adaptive detoxification strategies. This study elucidates how deep-sea microbes partition metabolic roles and evolve metal resilience mechanisms across geographical niches. It also supports the view that microbial community structure and metabolic function across seamount regions are likely influenced by the geomorphological features of the seamounts.

The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed shallow water that is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic stressors. However, the microeukaryotic communities and environmental factors that affect them in different regions remain largely unclear. We investigated microeukaryotic communities in surface sediments from five geographic regions using high-throughput sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene. The Miaodao Archipelago, Yellow River Estuary, and Central Bohai Sea had the highest Shannon and Simpson indices of the eukaryotic communities, while the Yellow River Estuary exhibited the highest Chao1 index. The microeukaryotic communities in surface sediments were mainly composed of Dinoflagellata, Bacillariophyta, Ciliophora, Cercozoa, and Protalveolata. Thalassiosira has a relatively high abundance at the Liaodong Bay and Central Bohai Sea, possessing the proportion of 41.70% and 38.10%, respectively, while Gonyaulax was the most abundant taxa in the Bohai Bay, occupying a proportion of 57.77%. Moreover, a negative correlation between diatoms and dinoflagellates was observed. Phosphorus, nitrogen, salinity, temperature, and silicate were major environmental determinants of microeukaryotic composition. Microeukaryotic communities in the surface sediments, especially for the composition and ratio of diatoms to dinoflagellates, reflected the environmental quality of marine ecosystems. Overall, these microeukaryotic community compositions provide a reliable indicator for monitoring the level of marine eutrophication in the Bohai Sea.

The influence of the foliage boron(B)-spaying concentration on the yield and fatty acid composition of tree peony (Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’) was explored in the experiment of 2014-2015. In this research, a statistically significant correlation was found between the mass concentration of foliage boron- spraying and tree peony seed yield. Maximum yield increment of tree peony seeds was obtained when the boron-spraying concentration was 4 g/L. The composition of fatty acid was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the main components of the fatty acid composition were quantified by internal standard method. The increase in the oil extraction rate after foliage boron-spraying nutrition of different concentration was significant and ranged between 0.04% and 11.43%. Seed oil production and oil extraction rate were also increased due to the increase of seed yields. Furthermore, foliage boron-spraying had a significant effect on the content of linolenic acid and linoleic acid in seed oil.

Deep-sea polymetallic nodules, rich in cobalt, nickel and titanium, are valuable for electronics, aerospace and energy industries. However, the vertical distribution and ecological functions of prokaryotic communities in sediments beneath nodules from the Magellan seamounts, a unique microbial habitat characterized by ultra-slow sedimentation rates (0.4–4 mm ky ⁻¹ ) and heterogeneous metal gradients, remain poorly characterized. In our research, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analyses of sediment cores (0–20 cm) from the western Pacific polymetallic nodule province revealed statistically significant decreases in prokaryotic diversity (Shannon index: 9.446 to 2.288; P <0.001). Proteobacteria , Crenarchaeota , Chloroflexi and Bacteroidota were the dominant taxa. The microbial co-occurrence network in the surface layer had a longer mean path length (2.11 vs 1 in the bottom layer) and a larger network diameter (11 vs 1), indicating a loose community structure and greater resistance to disturbance, while the bottom microbial network had a higher density (0.037 vs 0.01) and clustering coefficient (0.32 vs 1), suggesting tight microbial interactions. The concentrations of MnO (6.96–9.41 µg g ⁻¹ ) and P₂O₅ (2.55–3.89 µg g ⁻¹ ) gradually decreased with increasing depth. The concentrations of Co and Pb were relatively high in the surface sediments (0–8 cm) but decreased significantly below 8 cm. In contrast, the concentrations of Fe₂O₃ and As increased with depth. The environmental factors depth, MnO, Fe₂O₃ and heavy metals (Cr, Zn and Cu) were found to be the main drivers of the microbial community structure. We assembled 122 metagenome-assembled genomes from the metagenomic data. Gene abundance analysis revealed that sox genes ( soxB / C / D / X / Y / Z ) and assimilatory sulphate reduction genes ( cysC and cysH ) were highly abundant in the surface sediment, whereas the abundance of dissimilatory sulphate reduction genes ( dsrA and dsrB ) was enhanced in the bottom layer, reflecting a hierarchical adaptive strategy for sulphur metabolism. Our study expands current knowledge on the vertical variations of microbial diversity and microbially driven biogeochemical cycling in deep-sea settings underneath polymetallic nodules. Characterizing the microbial community underneath those nodules may provide insights into microbial resilience in extreme oligotrophic environments and valuable insights for future deep-sea mining activities.