The global burden of cancer is on the rise, with varying national patterns. To gain a better understanding and control of cancer, it is essential to provide national estimates. Therefore, we present a comparative description of cancer incidence and mortality rates in Mexico from 1990 to 2019, by age and sex for 29 different cancer groups. Based on public data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we evaluated the national burden of cancer by analyzing counts and crude and age-standardized rates per 100,000 people with 95% uncertainty intervals for 2019 and trends using the annual percentage change from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, cancer resulted in 222,060 incident cases and 105,591 deaths. In 2019, the highest incidence of cancer was observed in non-melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. Additionally, 53% of deaths were attributed to six cancer groups (lung, colorectal, stomach, prostate, breast, and pancreatic). From 1990 to 2019, there was an increasing trend in incidence and mortality rates, which varied by 10–436% among cancer groups. Furthermore, there were cancer-specific sex differences in crude and age-standardized rates. The results show an increase in the national cancer burden with sex-specific patterns of change. These findings can guide national efforts to reduce health loss due to cancer.

Leishmania mexicana is an intracellular parasite that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in some countries, including Mexico. Recently, we identified the elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) of L. mexicana by immunoproteomic analysis. In Leishmania donovani , this molecule has been reported as a virulence factor involved in downregulation of macrophages by no-canonical function when EF-1α interacts with protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). However, in L. mexicana the key role of EF-1α in host–parasite relationship has not been elucidated, by this reason we started with cloning and recombinant expression of this antigen. A sequence of 1350 bp corresponding to EF-1α ( EF-Lm ) full-length gene was amplified from genomic DNA of L. mexicana (GenBank: MG256973); this gene contains only one nucleotide change: C464T, compared with L. mexicana reference sequence (GenBank: FR799570.1). The gene cloned ( EF-Lm ) codes for a protein of 449 residues. It was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as 63 kDa sumo-fusion protein, which was recognized in the sera of patients diagnosed with CL. Our results show that EF-Lm is immunogenic during infection, and the rEF-Lm could be used for further analyses in the host–parasite relationship.

The cancer burden is increasing worldwide with contrasting national patterns. Therefore, providing national estimations is necessary to understand and control this health issue. Herein, we comparatively describe incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted lived years (DALYs) due to 29 groups of cancer in Mexico from 1990 to 2019 by sex and age. Using public data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we assessed the national burden of cancer using counts and crude and age-standardized rates per 100,000 people with 95% uncertainty intervals for 2019 and their trends using the annual percentage of change from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, cancer caused 222,060 incident cases, 105,591 deaths, and 2,86,054 DALYs in the general population. Nonmelanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer had the highest incidence, and six groups of cancer (lung, colorectal, stomach, prostate, breast, and pancreatic) caused 53% of the deaths in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, incidence and mortality showed an increasing trend that varied between 10% and 436% among the groups of cancer, whereas the crude and age-standardized rates showed cancer-specific sex disparities. Our results demonstrate a substantial growth of the national burden of cancer with sex-specific patterns of change. These results may guide national efforts toward reducing health loss due to cancer.

Introducción. En la Leishmaniasis Visceral (LV), del viejo mundo causada por Leishmania donovani, el Factor de Elongación-1a (EF-1a), es un antígeno-activador de la fosfatasa SHP-1 que inhibe la actividad Leishmanicida de macrófagos. Sin embargo, la relevancia del EF-1a de L. infantum en la LV del nuevo mundo aún es desconocida.Objetivo. Producir la proteína recombinante del EF-1a de L. infantum (rEFLi).Material y métodos. Se clonó, secuenció y se expresó como proteína recombinante el gen EFLi en un sistema procarionte. rEFLi fue purificada y su inmunogenicidad verificada.Resultados. El gen EF-Li posee 1350pb, con 25 diferencias nucleotídicas, 10 diferencias aminoacídicas y sin diferencias estructurales (3D), respecto al EFLd. rEFLi (50kDa), fue reconocida por sueros de ratones inmunizados con su construcción genética homóloga.Conclusión. Nuestras evidencias sugieren que rEFLi puede evaluarse como vacuna biotecnológica sola o en combinación, para la prevención de la LV.

La sífilis congénita es causada por una bacteria en forma de espiroqueta denominada Treponema pallidum; se transmite de la madre infectada al feto. Esta enfermedad causa distintas alteraciones sistémicas, dependiendo en qué fase de la sífilis se infecta el producto. Se presenta un caso de paciente femenino de 24 años con 33.1 semanas de gestación. Palabras clave: sífilis congénita, Treponema pallidum.

El síndrome de Moebius es una patología neurológica congénita caracterizada por la hipoplasia o agenesia del nervio abducens (VI) y facial (VII) de manera unilateral o bilateral, condicionando parálisis facial y limitación en la abducción ocular por el musculo recto lateral. Los pacientes con este síndrome manifiestan principalmente inexpresión facial y falta de movimiento ocular exterior. Se detectó un caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 6 años con diagnóstico de síndrome de Moebius, su detección clínica se realizó tras manifestar parálisis facial y limitación en la abducción de la mirada desde su nacimiento, sin estudios de imagen previos que confirmen dicho diagnóstico por método de imagen. En este reporte se evidencia la agenesia de los pares craneales (PC) VI y VII por el método de imagen de resonancia magnética nuclear utilizando la secuencia FIESTA (Fast Imaging Employing Steady-State –Acquisition). El conocimiento acerca del síndrome de Moebius nos orienta a la sospecha clínica y a un diagnóstico certero con base en la exploración física y la implementación de servicios de imagenología como la resonancia magnética nuclear utilizando la secuencia FIESTA, lo cual permite otorgar al paciente un tratamiento oportuno para prevenir complicaciones clínicas, así como mejorar su calidad de vida. Palabras Clave:Síndrome de Moebius, resonancia magnética nuclear, parálisis facial, parálisis del motor ocular externo