In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.

Due to the large cost of joint replacement for surgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis, there are many complications in elderly patients, and there are many contraindications to surgery, and conservative treatment is still based on drugs. To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate combined with celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. In total, 202 studies were screened, with a final selection of 9 RCTs involving 2339 participants; of these, 9 RCTs were included in the final meta-analysis. Treatment group reduces VAS (SMD = -1.61; 95 % CI [-2.25, -0.98]; I² = 95 %; P < 0.00001) and adverse reactions (OR = 0.45; 95 % CI [0.22,0.94]; I² = 0 %; P < 0.33); Meanwhile, improving Lysholm knee scores (SMD = 0.19; 95 % CI [-0.06, -0.44]; I² = 76 %; P = 0.0004) and Clinical efficiency (OR = 0.31; 95 % CI [0.19,0.50]; I² = 0 %; P < 0.00001). All indicators were superior to the control group. Our primary findings suggest that KOA treatment with celecoxib combined with sodium hyaluronate reduces VAS, while improving Lysholm scores and Clinical efficiency. In addition, we found that celecoxib combined with sodium hyaluronate treatment had fewer adverse effects than the control group, indicating that the combination is safe and effective in the treatment of KOA.

Objective. To elucidate the main mechanism of Xijiao Dihuang decoction (XJDHT) for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. TCMSP, BATMAN‐TCM, ETCM, and TCMID databases and literature search were used to screen the potential active compounds of XJDHT, and TCMSP and SwissProt databases were searched to predict the targets of the compounds. The targets of SLE were obtained from Genegards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases, and Venn online platform was used to obtain the intersection targets of XJDHT and SLE. Afterwards, the PPI network was constructed by using the STRING database, and the core targets were identified by network topology analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed through R software, and molecular docking of the top three core targets and their corresponding compounds were accomplished by Autodock Vina and Pymol softwares. Results. There were 30 potential active ingredients, 289 potential targets, and 129 intersection targets screened from the above databases. Network topology analysis identified 23 core targets, such as AKT1, TNF, IL6, IL1B, and INS. GO enrichment analysis obtained 2555 terms and mainly clustering on the react to lipopolysaccharide, membrane raft, and ubiquitin‐like protein ligase binding. KEGG enrichment analysis obtained 187 signaling pathways, mainly concentrating on the lipid and atherosclerosis, AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis. Molecular docking verified that the active compounds of XJDHT have the strong binding activity to the core targets. Conclusion. This study preliminarily uncovers the mechanism of XJDHT acting on SLE through a “multicompound, multitarget, and multipathway” manner. XJDHT may achieve the treatment of SLE by inhibiting the proinflammatory factors, inflammatory signal cvtokines, proliferation, injury, and apoptosis processes. In summary, the present study would provide a promising theoretical basis for further clinical and experimental studies.

Objective: Based on machine vision technology, to analyze the characteristics of facial and tongue examination image parameters in patients with different traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types of systemic lupus erythematosus, and to provide objective basis for the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Method: SmartTCM-A1 four type traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic instrument was used to take photos of the face and tongue of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus of spleen and kidney yang deficiency, yin deficiency internal heat syndrome, and heat toxin excess syndrome. Extract image parameters for facial and tongue diagnosis, and analyze tongue and facial color feature parameters for different syndrome types. Result: 1. Facial diagnostic parameter results: Compared with the spleen kidney yang deficiency group, the overall facial color H value of patients with yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the overall facial color R value, B value, H value, and V value of patients with heat toxin excess syndrome significantly decreased (P<0.05); Compared with the group with yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome, the R value, B value, and V value of the overall facial color in the heat toxin excess syndrome group significantly decreased, while the S value significantly increased (P<0.05). The G value of the lip color in the spleen kidney yang deficiency syndrome group significantly decreased, while the S value significantly increased (P<0.05). The G and B values of the lip color in the heat toxin burning syndrome group significantly decreased, while the S value significantly increased (P<0.05). 2. The results of tongue examination parameters: Compared with the spleen kidney yang deficiency syndrome group, the R, G, B, and V values of the tongue in the heat toxin hyperactivity syndrome group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the V value in the yin deficiency internal heat syndrome group was significantly lower than that in the spleen kidney yang deficiency syndrome group (P<0.05); Compared with the Yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome group, the R, G, B, and V values of tongue coating in the heat toxin hyperactivity syndrome group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the total R and V values of tongue coating in the Yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome group were significantly lower than those in the Yin deficiency and internal fire syndrome group (P<0.05); Compared with the group with yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome, the total G value of tongue coating in the group with heat toxin burning syndrome was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are certain differences in facial and tongue image parameters among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus of different syndrome types, which can reflect the visceral changes of patients with different syndrome types and provide objective basis for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao, CS) and Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi, MDP) are frequently utilized in the clinical management of SLE, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects in SLE remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of CS-MDP in treating SLE using a network pharmacology and experimental approach. The potential active ingredients and targets of CS-MDP were obtained through screening the TCMSP database. Known targets of SLE were retrieved from disease databases, and the intersection targets of CS-MDP in treating SLE were obtained using the Venny 2.1.0 online platform. Network enrichment analysis of the intersection targets was performed using R 4.0.5 software. Molecular docking of the core ingredients and targets was carried out using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2. Finally, the mechanism of CS-MDP against SLE was verified through in vivo and in vitro experiments. CS-MDP was found to have 21 potential active ingredients and 208 targets. A total of 111 intersection targets were determined for CS-MDP in treating SLE. GO enrichment analysis identified 1987 terms, mainly enriched in cellular response to chemical stress and regulation of peptide secretion. KEGG analysis identified 185 signaling pathways, with main enrichments in Lipid and atherosclerosis, and Hepatitis B. In vitro, CS-MDP inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and downregulated the protein expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells. In addition, CS-MDP also downregulated the protein expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway in MRL/lpr lupus mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that CS-MDP may exert therapeutic effects on SLE, potentially by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and consequently inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.