In a continued search for novel plant-based therapeutics with multi-target pharmacological potential, the medicinal plant Dischidia bengalensis (Apocynaceae) was investigated for the first time for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and thrombolytic properties, addressing critical therapeutic areas such as rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, and thrombosis. The methanolic extract and solvent fractions (dichloromethane, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate) were evaluated through integrated in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches. Phytochemical screening and GC–MS profiling revealed a diverse array of bioactive constituents, including fatty acids, terpenoids, and phenolic derivatives, many of which are reported to exhibit pharmacological activities. In vivo assays demonstrated that the methanolic extract (400 mg/kg) markedly suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema (92.31% inhibition) from the 2nd to 4th hour (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), while the n-hexane fraction produced the most pronounced analgesic response in both writhing and tail-immersion models (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the methanolic extract displayed significant thrombolytic activity (33.38 ± 4.27% at 20 mg/mL, p < 0.001) in human blood clot lysis, suggesting potential application in cardiovascular disorders. The scientific novelty of this study was further underscored by in silico molecular docking, ADME/T, and PASS prediction studies. Key bioactive compounds, identified by GC-MS, showed strong binding affinities and promising drug-like properties against pivotal human targets such as TNF-α (PDB: 2AZ5), COX-2 (PDB: 6COX), and tissue plasminogen activator. These findings conclusively establish D. Bengalensis as a promising and novel source of lead compounds for the development of novel therapeutics against inflammatory, pain-related, and cardiovascular disorders.

Marine ecosystems represent a largely untapped reservoir of bioactive compounds with significant pharmacological potential. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic properties of ethanol extracts from four marine species: Padina australis, Spatoglossum asperum, Holothuria (Halodeima) atra, and Hypnea valentiae. Phytochemical screening, along with a comprehensive series of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays, was performed to evaluate the extracts’ pharmacological activities, including antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay), anti-inflammatory effect (carrageenan-induced paw edema method), analgesic activity (acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests), and anti-arthritic efficacy (protein denaturation assay). The extracts were found to be rich in flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and phenolic compounds, which may underlie the observed bioactivities. In the acetic acid–induced writhing test, Hypnea valentiae at 400 mg/kg exhibited the highest peripheral analgesic activity, producing 82.51% inhibition of writhing (p < 0.001). In the tail immersion assay, Padina australis at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant central analgesic effects, as evidenced by increased latency time and percentage of maximum possible effect (MPE). In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, several treatment groups, including Padina australis, Hypnea valentiae, Spatoglossum asperum, and Holothuria atra, at both tested doses showed marked suppression of inflammation, with some groups achieving complete inhibition (100%; p < 0.001) at 120 min. The ethanol extract of Holothuria atra exhibited the strongest antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities, with an IC₅₀ value of 88.39 µg/mL in the DPPH assay and 81.35% inhibition of protein denaturation. Additionally, the compounds derived from the four marine species exhibited significant binding affinity to the selected target receptors, thereby validating the experimental findings. The marine species studied possess multifaceted pharmacological properties, supporting their potential as natural sources for developing therapeutic agents supporting the blue economy. Further studies are recommended to isolate active compounds and elucidate underlying mechanisms to support future drug development efforts.

Objective: Desmos chinensis (Annonaceae) is an underexplored medicinal plant from Southeast Asia with limited pharmacological validation. This study investigated, for the first time, the analgesic, anti‐pyretic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐arthritic potential of the methanolic extract of D. chinensis leaf and its solvent‐soluble fractions (n‐hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate) using in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches. Methods: Analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid–induced writhing method; anti‐pyretic activity was assessed using the brewer’s yeast‐induced pyrexia model; anti‐inflammatory activity was assessed using protein denaturation; and anti‐arthritic activity was assessed using the human red blood cell membrane stabilization method. Result: In the writhing test, the ME and ethyl acetate fractions at 400 mg/kg produced marked analgesic effects, with 86.36% and 65.91% inhibition of writhing, respectively, compared with diclofenac (90.45%). In the anti‐pyretic model, ME significantly reduced yeast‐induced hyperthermia, achieving up to 100% reduction in pyrexia within 4 h at 400 mg/kg ( p < 0.001). In vitro assays showed concentration‐dependent anti‐inflammatory and anti‐arthritic activities. ME inhibited protein denaturation with an IC ₅₀ of 337.42 μg/mL, while HRBC membrane stabilization revealed strong anti‐arthritic potential with an IC ₅₀ of 246.34 μg/mL, comparable to diclofenac sodium. Docking analysis revealed favorable interactions between phytoconstituents and inflammation‐related targets. Conclusion: This study provides the first integrated pharmacological evidence that D. chinensis leaves possess significant analgesic, anti‐pyretic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐arthritic activities. The quantitative efficacy and in silico findings highlight D. chinensis as a promising source of bioactive compounds, warranting further isolation, mechanistic, and preclinical investigations.