In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to fuel cell-based hybrid tractors. In order to optimize the global power distribution of tractors and further improve the fuel economy and fuel cell durability of the system, this paper designs an energy management strategy to maximize external energy efficiency based on fuel cell/lithium battery/supercapacitor hybrid tractors. This strategy aims to reduce the real-time hydrogen consumption of the system while maximizing the external energy output so as to reduce the impact of load randomness on the output power of the fuel cell. Under the typical ploughing conditions of the tractor, the simulation is compared with the state machine strategy and the equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization strategy. The results show that the proposed strategy meets the power requirements of a given ploughing condition, and compared with the two traditional strategy systems, the performance characteristics of auxiliary energy are more fully exerted. It reduces the burden on fuel cells and improves the durability of fuel cells. The hydrogen consumption of the system was reduced by 11.03 g and 16.54 g, respectively, improving the overall economy of the hybrid system.