This investigation is an attempt of extracting bio based adhesives from gelatine and plant latex to overcome the negative effects of synthetic adhesive. The bio based adhesive was extracted with mixing plant resins from Euphorbia Abyssinica as additives with gelatine through optimisation. The factors in the synthesis of bio based adhesive were temperature, time, and concentration with level of 50-60^oc, 30–60 Min, and 50–75% gelatine; and the optimum level was found 50⁰C, 45min, and 75% respectively with optimum result of 282.12 gram gel strength. The characteristics of the resulted bio adhesive were 6.25cp, 6.85, and 11.53% of viscosity, pH, and moisture content values respectively. The performance of the bio adhesive was examined interms of peel and shear strength and it has an average value of 6.645N/mm and 198.1N respectively. This research is effective way of overcoming environmental burden from synthetic adhesives by the production of bio adhesives from gelatine and plant resin.

Nowadays, there is an increasing concern about environmental challenges ranging from emissions to overconsumption. Most of the environmental problems today are direct consequences of human consumption. Understanding the factors that affect consumer purchasing decisions is critical to developing demand for and commitment to sustainable consumption. In this regard, this study aims to explore the environmentally sustainable consumption behavior of Ethiopian consumers by using an extended model of the theory of planned behavior. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire having open and closed-ended questions. A total of 523 Ethiopian consumers were selected using convenience sampling technique. Structural equation modeling with AMOS V.26.0. was applied for data analysis. The findings show that Ethiopian consumers have very low awareness about the impact of their clothing consumption and disposal. Their consideration of sustainability attributes during purchasing decisions is also low. The structural equation model analysis showed that all variables had a positive and significant effect on the dependent variables at p<0.05, except the effect of personal norms on an environmentally responsible purchasing intention. These results provide additional evidence on the role of environmental labels in purchasing sustainable apparel products. The results of the study allow a better understanding of the factors determining sustainable consumption behavior and suggest practical solutions to their producers. As theory-building activities, with implications for the conceptualization of sustainable consumption behavior are sparse in the literature, this work has also been able to detect sustainable consumption behavior trends and practices by using the availability of a sustainable apparel product and consumers price perceptions of environmentally responsible apparel as a mediating effect of intention and behavior in developing countries, particularly Ethiopia.

Leather is a flexible, long-lasting material composed of interwoven collagen fibers that are used to make footwear, apparel, and other leather goods. This study examines the impacts of the direction of leather, stitch density, and thread size on the seam strength of cow-upper leather. The Taguchi design of experiment and ANOVA methods have been employed to evaluate and examine the seam strength of cow upper leather. The study employed control variables ranging from 6 to 12 SPI for stitch density, 60/2, 40/2, and 40/3 thread sizes, and parallel, perpendicular, and diagonal leather direction. The strongest seams are produced with stitch densities of 12 SPI, thread sizes of 40/3, and parallel orientations. According to the results of the study, the seam strength of cow upper leather was significantly impacted by the stitch density or the number of stitches per inch. Based on the Taguchi design of the experiment and the ANOVA result of cow upper leather the stitch density increases and the seam strength also increases. From the graph of the S/N ratio, the slope is higher in higher significant stitch density. As the stitch density increases the seam performance also increases (when the stitch density is 6 SPI, S/N ratio 54.67 N, and when the stitch density is 12 SPI, S/N ratio 59.15 N). Based on these findings, several recommendations are presented. These include determining the optimal stitch density range, selecting appropriate thread sizes, considering stitching direction, implementing quality control measures, fostering collaboration, and encouraging further research