Sustainability performance varies significantly across countries, yet global assessments overlook the underlying structural trends. This study bridges this gap using machine learning to uncover meaningful clustering in global sustainability outcomes based on the 2025 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index. We applied K-Means clustering to group 166 countries into five standardized indicators: SDG score, spillover effects, regional score, population size, and recent progress. The five-cluster solution was confirmed by the Elbow and Silhouette procedures, with ANOVA and MANOVA tests subsequently indicating statistically significant cluster differences. For the validation and interpretation of the results, six supervised learning algorithms were employed. Random Forest, SVM, and ANN performed best in classification accuracy (97.7%) with perfect ROC-AUC scores (AUC = 1.0). Feature importance analysis showed that SDG and regional scores were most predictive of cluster membership, while population size was the least. This supervised–unsupervised hybrid approach offers a reproducible blueprint for cross-country benchmarking of sustainability. It also offers actionable insights for tailoring policy to groups of countries, whether high-income OECD nations, emerging markets, or resource-scarce countries. Our findings demonstrate that machine learning is a useful tool for revealing structural disparities in sustainability and informing cluster-specific policy interventions toward the 2030 Agenda.

This study aims to compare the accuracy performances of different machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network, and XGBoost) using World Happiness Index data. The study is based on the 2024 World Happiness Report data and employs indicators such as Ladder Score, GDP Per Capita, Social Support, Healthy Life Expectancy, Freedom to Determine Life Choices, Generosity, and Perception of Corruption. Initially, the K-Means clustering algorithm is applied to group countries into four main clusters representing distinct happiness levels based on their socioeconomic profiles. Subsequently, classification algorithms are used to predict the cluster membership and the accuracy scores obtained serve as an indirect measure of the clustering quality. As a result of the analysis, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, SVM, and Neural Network achieve high accuracy rates of 86.2%, whereas XGBoost exhibits the lowest performance at 79.3%. Furthermore, the practical implications of these findings are significant, as they provide policymakers with actionable insights to develop targeted strategies for enhancing national happiness and improving socioeconomic well-being. In conclusion, this study offers valuable information for more effective classification and analysis of World Happiness Index data by comparing the performance of various machine learning algorithms.

Metin madenciliği, doğal dil metninde yer alan yapılandırılmamış (metin) verilerin çeşitli yöntem, araç ve tekniklerin kullanılarak analiz edilmesidir. Bugün, kurum ve kuruluşların çoğu, veri ambarlarında ve bulut platformlarında büyük miktarda veri toplamakta ve depolamaktadır. Bu veriler, birden fazla kaynaktan gelen yeni verilerin gelmesiyle birlikte, üssel olarak artmaya devam etmektedir. Şirketlerin ve kuruluşların geleneksel araçlarla büyük miktardaki metin verilerini depolaması, işlemesi ve analiz etmesi zordur. Bugün, gelişen Tableau gibi yazılımlar sayesinde bu problemler ortadan kalkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; metin madenciliği yöntemi ile Shakespeare eserlerindeki kahramanları ve olay örgülerini istatistiksel olarak saptamak ve edebiyat alanında çalışanlara bazı öngörüler sağlamaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, Tableau yazılımı kullanılarak Google BigQuery’nin alt yapısında bulunan Shakespeare veri setine kelime frekansları, görselleştirme ve kümeleme analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Kümeleme analizi sonucunda “Hamlet” kelimesinin tüm eserlerin merkezinde yer aldığı ve Hamlet’in Shakespeare’in en önemli eseri olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, “Romeo ve Juliet” eserinde sırasıyla; “Romeo”, “Juliet” ve “Love” en çok kullanılan kelimeler olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu bulgulardan eserin ana karakterlerinin “Romeo” ve “Juliet”, konusunun ise “aşk” olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect degrees of happiness indicators on happiness and similar countries in terms of happiness. For this purpose, 156 countries included in the 2019 World Happiness Report were analyzed with K-Means clustering and discriminant analysis. Discriminant analysis was conducted to determine the functions that distinguish the 9 clusters obtained as a result of K-Means and the indicators that best represent the groups while creating these functions. K-Means cluster analysis results are visualized by combining them in two-dimensional space obtained from discriminant analysis. Thanks to the new visual obtained by using these two analysis results together, the K-Means clustering structures are better understood and the results are more easily interpreted. From this point of view, a new visualization approach based on discriminant analysis can be proposed in which the K-Means cluster analysis results can be interpreted. Discriminant analysis results obtained in the study were found to be compatible with the results of K-Means cluster analysis. In both methods, it was found that the "GDP Per Capita" indicator affected the happiness states of the countries the most. We believe that these results will provide important information by policy makers in increasing the happiness level of the countries.