Background: The tourism sector is a catalyst for the economic advancement of an area. To enhance sustainable tourism, it is important to address the requisite infrastructure and facilities in the area. Tourist destination must possess compelling attraction that captivates visitors, promoting increased expenditures and this phenomenon propels local economic growth. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the role of the Medan-Berastagi-Merek road infrastructure in moderating the influence of tourism development in Lake Toba National Tourism Strategic Area (KSPN), Indonesia. Method: The measurement of variables and sub-variables was discussed and analyzed using an explanatory approach and Structural Equation Models. Results: The results showed that tourism development did not impose a direct and significant influence on regional development. However, a positive impact was manifested on regional progress when mediated by the development of road infrastructure. The policy implications showed the significance of road infrastructure development in Lake Toba KSPN. This was not a supportive element but rather an essential factor that indicated prioritization by the Indonesian government and local administrations. Conclusion: Various aspects of road infrastructure, including road quality, ease of mobility, connectivity, minimal obstacles, security/safety, accessibility, and timeliness, were developed as crucial factors influencing economic players in the tourism sector. Recognizing these facets had substantial policy implications, showing the importance of prioritizing road infrastructure development in the holistic progress of Lake Toba KSPN.

Manufacturers still use SNI (Standard Nasional Indonesia) concrete for producing concrete in general but there still no Indonesia Technical Guideline SNI which specifically contains for producing or designing the properties of the box culvert itself. In this study, thirty-nine specimens were used with three different models which are 3 beams with fixed - fixed (first model), 3 portals without any ground on the side (second model), 3 portals with land on the side (third model), each of which has a size of 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 160 mm, 1000 mm x 1500 mm x 170 mm, and 1000 mm x 2000 mm x 180 mm with compressive strength 25 Mpa, 30 Mpa, 35 Mpa, 40 Mpa. The dimensions of the box culvert specimens are taken based on the standardized dimensions of Bina Marga then calculated by AASHTO handling with variations in quality and size, and compared with the calculation of simple beams with the placement of fixed-fixed support type and portals with pinned-pinned support type. It has been conclude that thickness of concrete is directly proportionally to the compressive strength, and inversely proportional to deflection.

Rumah Instan Sedehana Sehat (RISHA) merupakan teknologi konstruksi bangunan rumah tinggal dengan komponen modular pracetak dengan system bongkar pasang /Knock down. Berdasarkan sertifikat pengujian ketahanan struktur, RISHA memiliki ketahanan struktur terhadap beban gempa hingga zonasi enam dengan acuan SNI 03-1726-2002. Hal ini memungkinkan untuk memperbaharui analisis dengan SNI terbaru dan diaplikasikan pada bangunan gedung 3 lantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis partisipasi massa dan waktu getar alami struktur berdasarkan ETABS dan perhitungan manual, menganalisis ketahanan struktur atas, mengkonversi dimensi kolom dari profil panel RISHA ke ETABS, menganalisis kekuatan struktur kolom dan balok serta kekuatan sambungan yang digunakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Penelitian dimulai dengan melakukan studi literatur terkait, selanjutnya diikuti dengan membuat pemodelan struktur pada ETABS. Dari hasil analisa partisipassi massa sesuai SNI 1726;2019 masih memenuhi persyaratan yaitu diatas 90%. Untuk gaya geser dasar terhadap sumbu X dan Y sebesar 190,39 kN. Ketahanan struktur balok dan kolom mengacu pada SNI 2847 2019 dan SNI 7833;2019. Simpangan antar lantai yang terjadi akibat beban gempa telah memenuhi persyaratan karena nilainya lebih kecil dibandingkan simpangan antar lantai ijin. Ketahanan sambungan struktur antar panel RISHA memiliki kuat tekan ultimit dan gaya geser ultimit lebih kecil dibandingkan kuat tekan perlu dan kuat geser nominal dari panel RISHA. Dengan demikian sambungan memenuhi syarat SNI 1729;2020.

This study analyzes the seismic performance of regular and irregular building structures according to the SNI 1726:2019 standards. Four building models were developed: one regular structure and three irregular structures, using data from the earthquake-prone Tarutung region in Sumatra. The analysis, conducted with ETABS software, focused on key seismic parameters including base shear, story shear, displacement, torsion, and column reinforcement. Results showed that regular buildings performed better under seismic loads, exhibiting lower base shear, story shear, and torsion due to their symmetrical configuration and uniform mass distribution. But the Country is such that where even less than irregular structures also faced more in seismic force and higher displacement at across the horizontal direction, torsional effects were seen much stronger especially with significant irregularities. This resulted in non-uniform distribution of forces and localized higher requirements for column reinforcement. These results underline how regular buildings, where developing countries have the most capacity to make improvements in construction quality and safety on a large scale, are actually quite resilient structures against seismic forces. This research demonstrates the significance of complying with seismic design codes and offers perspective which may assist engineers to develop irregular building structures that are more earthquake resistant.