Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate and butyrate, are produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of partially digested and indigestible polysaccharides. SCFAs play an important role in regulating intestinal energy metabolism and maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal environment and also play an important regulatory role in organs and tissues outside the gut. In recent years, many studies have shown that SCFAs can regulate inflammation and affect host health, and two main signaling mechanisms have also been identified: the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). In addition, a growing body of evidence highlights the importance of every SCFA in influencing health maintenance and disease development. In this review, we summarized the recent advances concerning the biological properties of SCFAs and their signaling pathways in inflammation and body health. Hopefully, it can provide a systematic theoretical basis for the nutritional prevention and treatment of human diseases.

High-Protein Mulberry is a novel strain of mulberry. High-Protein Mulberry leaves (HPM) were the subject of this study, which aimed to investigate its efficacy and underlying mechanisms in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism. A six-week intervention using db/db mice was carried out to assess the effects of HPM on serum lipid levels, liver function, and insulin (INS) levels. qRT-PCR and Western Blotting were employed to measure key RNA and protein expressions in the PI3K/Akt and PPARα/CPT-1 pathways. UHPLC-MS and the Kjeldahl method were utilized to analyze the component content and total protein. Additionally, network pharmacology was employed to predict regulatory mechanism differences between HPM and Traditional Mulberry leaves. The results of the study revealed significant improvements in fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance in mice treated with HPM. HPM notably reduced serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and INS, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The treatment also effectively mitigated liver fatty lesions, inflammatory infiltration, and islet atrophy. HPM activation of the PI3K/Akt/PPARα/CPT-1 pathway suggested its pivotal role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. With its rich composition and pharmacodynamic material basis, HPM displayed a greater number of targets associated with glucose and lipid metabolism pathways, underscoring the need for further research into its potential therapeutic applications.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the injuries of spleen and intestinal immune system induced by 2 Gy 60Co γ ray in mice.A total of 120 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into two grou...