Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are topological states of matter exhibiting remarkable properties such as the capacity to protect quantum information from decoherence. Whereas their featureless ground states have precluded their straightforward experimental identification, excited states are more revealing and particularly interesting owing to the emergence of fundamentally new excitations such as Majorana fermions. Ideal probes of these excitations are inelastic neutron scattering experiments. These we report here for a ruthenium-based material, α-RuCl₃, continuing a major search (so far concentrated on iridium materials) for realizations of the celebrated Kitaev honeycomb topological QSL. Our measurements confirm the requisite strong spin–orbit coupling and low-temperature magnetic order matching predictions proximate to the QSL. We find stacking faults, inherent to the highly two-dimensional nature of the material, resolve an outstanding puzzle. Crucially, dynamical response measurements above interlayer energy scales are naturally accounted for in terms of deconfinement physics expected for QSLs. Comparing these with recent dynamical calculations involving gauge flux excitations and Majorana fermions of the pure Kitaev model, we propose the excitation spectrum of α-RuCl₃ as a prime candidate for fractionalized Kitaev physics.

Sighting of magnetic Majorana fermions?: Quantum spin liquids—materials whose magnetic spins do not settle into order even at absolute zero temperature—have long captured the interest of physicists. A particularly lofty goal is finding a material that can be described by the so-called Kitaev spin model, a network of spins on a honeycomb lattice that harbors Majorana fermions as its excitations. Banerjee et al. present a comprehensive inelastic neutron scattering study of single crystals of the material α-RuCl ₃ , which has been predicted to a host a Kitaev spin liquid. The unusual dependence of the data on energy, momentum, and temperature is consistent with the Kitaev model. Science , this issue p. 1055

In two-dimensional honeycomb ferromagnets, bosonic magnon quasiparticles (spin waves) may either behave as massless Dirac fermions or form topologically protected edge states. The key ingredient defining their nature is the next-nearest-neighbor Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that breaks the inversion symmetry of the lattice and discriminates chirality of the associated spin-wave excitations. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we find that spin waves of the insulating honeycomb ferromagnet ${\mathrm{CrI}}_3$ ($T_C=61\mathrm{K}$) have two distinctive bands of ferromagnetic excitations separated by a $\sim 4\mathrm{meV}$ gap at the Dirac points. These results can only be understood by considering a Heisenberg Hamiltonian with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, thus providing experimental evidence that spin waves in ${\mathrm{CrI}}_3$ can have robust topological properties potentially useful for dissipationless spintronic applications.