In this study, the influence of the gymnasium building form on energy consumption and photovoltaic (PV) potential was investigated to address its high energy consumption and carbon emissions issues. Five cities in different climate zones in China (Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Kunming) were selected as case study environments to simulate and calculate the energy use intensity (EUI), photovoltaic power generation potential (PVPG), and CO₂ emission (CE) indicators for 10 typical gymnasium building forms, while also assessing the impact of building orientation. This study found that changes in gymnasium building orientation can cause a 0.5–2.5% difference in EUI under the five climatic conditions, whereas changes in building form can cause a 1.9–6.4% difference in EUI. After integrating a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system on the roof, changes in building orientation and form can lead to a 0–14.4% and 7.6–11.1% difference in PVPG and a 7.8–68.1% and 8.7–72.0% difference in CE. The results demonstrate that both the choice of form and orientation contribute to a reduction in carbon emissions from BIPV gymnasiums, with the rational choice of form having a higher potential for carbon savings than orientation. These research findings can guide the initial selection of gymnasium designs to pursue low-carbon goals.

Most of the existing vehicle-loaded video surveillance systems aim at recoding and analyzing the outer circumstance of the vehicles. The inside drivers' and passengers' motion and status, however, are also greatly related to vehicles' running safety. In this paper, we combined Spatial-Temporal Entropy Image (STEI) with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to deal with in-vehicle scenes, which are usually contain dynamic background and subtle motions. The entropy which denotes the temporal discrimination of local areas is computed. Meanwhile, the short-term accumulation of the independent dynamic component is subtracted to extract drivers and passengers from an in-vehicle scene. The quantitative evaluation from experimental results show that the improved STEI achieves a better detection performance with a reasonable cost of tiny increase on false alarms.