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Respiratory activity is an essential vital sign of life that can indicate changes in typical breathing patterns and irregular body functions such as asthma and panic attacks. Many times, there is a need to monitor breathing activity while performing day-to-day functions such as standing, bending, trunk stretching or during yoga exercises. A single IMU (inertial measurement unit) can be used in measuring respiratory motion; however, breathing motion data may be influenced by a body trunk movement that occurs while recording respiratory activity. This research employs a pair of wireless, wearable IMU sensors custom-made by the Department of Electrical Engineering at San Diego State University. After appropriate sensor placement for data collection, this research applies principles of robotics, using the Denavit-Hartenberg convention, to extract relative angular motion between the two sensors. One of the obtained relative joint angles in the “Sagittal” plane predominantly yields respiratory activity. An improvised version of the proposed method and wearable, wireless sensors can be suitable to extract respiratory information while performing sports or exercises, as they do not restrict body motion or the choice of location to gather data.
Apoorva Gaidhani; Kee S. Moon; Yusuf Ozturk; Sung Q. Lee; Woosub Youm. Extraction and Analysis of Respiratory Motion Using Wearable Inertial Sensor System during Trunk Motion. Sensors 2017, 17, 2932 .
AMA StyleApoorva Gaidhani, Kee S. Moon, Yusuf Ozturk, Sung Q. Lee, Woosub Youm. Extraction and Analysis of Respiratory Motion Using Wearable Inertial Sensor System during Trunk Motion. Sensors. 2017; 17 (12):2932.
Chicago/Turabian StyleApoorva Gaidhani; Kee S. Moon; Yusuf Ozturk; Sung Q. Lee; Woosub Youm. 2017. "Extraction and Analysis of Respiratory Motion Using Wearable Inertial Sensor System during Trunk Motion." Sensors 17, no. 12: 2932.
All neural information systems (NIS) rely on sensing neural activity to supply commands and control signals for computers, machines and a variety of prosthetic devices. Invasive systems achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by eliminating the volume conduction problems caused by tissue and bone. An implantable brain machine interface (BMI) using intracortical electrodes provides excellent detection of a broad range of frequency oscillatory activities through the placement of a sensor in direct contact with cortex. This paper introduces a compact-sized implantable wireless 32-channel bidirectional brain machine interface (BBMI) to be used with freely-moving primates. The system is designed to monitor brain sensorimotor rhythms and present current stimuli with a configurable duration, frequency and amplitude in real time to the brain based on the brain activity report. The battery is charged via a novel ultrasonic wireless power delivery module developed for efficient delivery of power into a deeply-implanted system. The system was successfully tested through bench tests and in vivo tests on a behaving primate to record the local field potential (LFP) oscillation and stimulate the target area at the same time.
Yi Su; Sudhamayee Routhu; Kee S. Moon; Sung Q. Lee; Woosub Youm; Yusuf Ozturk. A Wireless 32-Channel Implantable Bidirectional Brain Machine Interface. Sensors 2016, 16, 1582 .
AMA StyleYi Su, Sudhamayee Routhu, Kee S. Moon, Sung Q. Lee, Woosub Youm, Yusuf Ozturk. A Wireless 32-Channel Implantable Bidirectional Brain Machine Interface. Sensors. 2016; 16 (10):1582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Su; Sudhamayee Routhu; Kee S. Moon; Sung Q. Lee; Woosub Youm; Yusuf Ozturk. 2016. "A Wireless 32-Channel Implantable Bidirectional Brain Machine Interface." Sensors 16, no. 10: 1582.
With the recent advances in the field of electroencephalography (EEG), researchers have been able to detect and predict cognitive states and patterns based on electromagnetic signals emitted by the brain with greater precision than ever before. EEG has become a viable means of implementing brain-computer-interfaces (BCIs), which translate brain signals into machine commands. We have developed a system with reconfigurable hardware and open architecture component based software to enable multi-sensor physiological signal monitoring. The goal of this research is to study the feasibility of using the system that can facilitate monitoring of visual attention EEG brain signal.
Simone Massai; Sudhamayee Routhu; Dustin Wright; Kee S. Moon; Yusuf. Ozturk; Sung Q Lee. A Wireless Visual Attention Brain Signal Monitoring System. MATEC Web of Conferences 2015, 32, 4005 .
AMA StyleSimone Massai, Sudhamayee Routhu, Dustin Wright, Kee S. Moon, Yusuf. Ozturk, Sung Q Lee. A Wireless Visual Attention Brain Signal Monitoring System. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2015; 32 ():4005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Massai; Sudhamayee Routhu; Dustin Wright; Kee S. Moon; Yusuf. Ozturk; Sung Q Lee. 2015. "A Wireless Visual Attention Brain Signal Monitoring System." MATEC Web of Conferences 32, no. : 4005.
In this paper, we present the ultrasonic wireless power transmission system as part of a brain-machine interface (BMI) system in development to supply the required electric power. Making a small-size implantable BMI, it is essential to design a low power unit with a rechargeable battery. The ultrasonic power transmission system has two piezoelectric transducers, facing each other between skin tissues converting electrical energy to mechanical vibrational energy or vice versa. Ultrasound is free from the electromagnetic coupling effect and medical frequency band limitations which making it a promising candidate for implantable purposes. In this paper, we present the design of piezoelectric composite transducer, the rectifier circuit, and rechargeable battery that all packaged in biocompatible titanium can. An initial prototype device was built for demonstration purpose. The early experimental results demonstrate the prototype device can reach 50% of energy transmission efficiency in a water medium at 20mm distance and 18% in animal skin tissue at 18mm distance, respectively. © (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sung Q. Lee; Woosub Youm; Gunn Hwang; Kee S. Moon; Yusuf Ozturk. Resonant ultrasonic wireless power transmission for bio-implants. SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring 2014, 9057, 90570 .
AMA StyleSung Q. Lee, Woosub Youm, Gunn Hwang, Kee S. Moon, Yusuf Ozturk. Resonant ultrasonic wireless power transmission for bio-implants. SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring. 2014; 9057 ():90570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung Q. Lee; Woosub Youm; Gunn Hwang; Kee S. Moon; Yusuf Ozturk. 2014. "Resonant ultrasonic wireless power transmission for bio-implants." SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring 9057, no. : 90570.
Ahmed El-Desouky; Samuel K. Kassegne; Kee S. Moon; J. McKittrick; K. Morsi. Rapid processing & characterization of micro-scale functionally graded porous materials. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2013, 213, 1251 -1257.
AMA StyleAhmed El-Desouky, Samuel K. Kassegne, Kee S. Moon, J. McKittrick, K. Morsi. Rapid processing & characterization of micro-scale functionally graded porous materials. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2013; 213 (8):1251-1257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed El-Desouky; Samuel K. Kassegne; Kee S. Moon; J. McKittrick; K. Morsi. 2013. "Rapid processing & characterization of micro-scale functionally graded porous materials." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213, no. 8: 1251-1257.
Current-activated tip-based sintering (CATS) is a novel process where spark plasma sintering conditions are applied through an electrically conducting tip on a locally controlled area on a green powder compact/bed. The localization of electric current in CATS allows for unique temporal and spatial current and temperature distributions within the tip and powder compact. In this paper, special experimental setups were used to monitor the temperature profiles in the tip and at multiple locations on the surface of nickel powder compacts. A variation in the initial green density was found to have a significant effect on the maximum temperature in the tip as well as the temperature distribution across the powder compact. In general, the lowest green density specimens displayed the best conditions for localized densification. The concept of effective current density is introduced and results are discussed in relation to the densification parameter.
Ahmed El Desouky; Kee S. Moon; Samuel K. Kassegne; Khaled Morsi. Green Compact Temperature Evolution during Current-Activated Tip-Based Sintering (CATS) of Nickel. Metals 2013, 3, 178 -187.
AMA StyleAhmed El Desouky, Kee S. Moon, Samuel K. Kassegne, Khaled Morsi. Green Compact Temperature Evolution during Current-Activated Tip-Based Sintering (CATS) of Nickel. Metals. 2013; 3 (2):178-187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed El Desouky; Kee S. Moon; Samuel K. Kassegne; Khaled Morsi. 2013. "Green Compact Temperature Evolution during Current-Activated Tip-Based Sintering (CATS) of Nickel." Metals 3, no. 2: 178-187.
Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is a piezoelectric polymer with a low-cost, high flexibility and biocompatibility that is suitable for various energy conversion applications between the electrical and mechanical forms of energy. One of the novel techniques to create PVDF fibers is electro-spinning. In the present work, the above technique has been applied to develop electro-spun thin-film based on PVDF with the use of high electric field and a high-frequency mechanical vibratory motion as an electro-spinning setup. The high-frequency vibratory motion is used to create effective fluid viscous forces to achieve a localized fluid spreading and thinning behavior of extremely thin polymer fiber solution.
Kee S. Moon; Khaled Morsi; Samuel K. Kassegne; Abtin Sepehri; Thomas Murray. Mechanical vibration induced electro-spinning of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring 2012, 8342, 834227 .
AMA StyleKee S. Moon, Khaled Morsi, Samuel K. Kassegne, Abtin Sepehri, Thomas Murray. Mechanical vibration induced electro-spinning of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring. 2012; 8342 ():834227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKee S. Moon; Khaled Morsi; Samuel K. Kassegne; Abtin Sepehri; Thomas Murray. 2012. "Mechanical vibration induced electro-spinning of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)." SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring 8342, no. : 834227.
Byung Hak Choe; Soo Keun Shin; Suk Jung Choi; Su Hee Hong; Kee S. Moon; Yong K. Hong; Jong K. Lee. Application of Advanced Materials with a Metastable Phase on Functional Devices and Bio-Sensors. Solid State Phenomena 2007, 219 -222.
AMA StyleByung Hak Choe, Soo Keun Shin, Suk Jung Choi, Su Hee Hong, Kee S. Moon, Yong K. Hong, Jong K. Lee. Application of Advanced Materials with a Metastable Phase on Functional Devices and Bio-Sensors. Solid State Phenomena. 2007; ():219-222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByung Hak Choe; Soo Keun Shin; Suk Jung Choi; Su Hee Hong; Kee S. Moon; Yong K. Hong; Jong K. Lee. 2007. "Application of Advanced Materials with a Metastable Phase on Functional Devices and Bio-Sensors." Solid State Phenomena , no. : 219-222.
In this article we report a novel depth-sensing nanoindenter using a lead zirconium titanate (PZT) stack actuator to measure the Young's modulus of Titanium composite. The nanoindenter uses an open-loop positioning control scheme with displacement sensors. In general, the conventional nanoindenters require closed-loop controls for precise loading of the indenter tip. The developed open-loop control scheme compensates for the hysteresis and the creep errors of PZT actuators. We have shown that the overall system structure can be simplified and a high positioning repeatability can be achieved. To verify the system performance, we conducted the indentation tests on titanium matrix composite surfaces. Besides the basic nanoindentation functions, the developed system also has the capability for surface imaging through a scanning function. The pre-indentation scanning capability proved to be a very useful method for positioning the tip in the desired indentation location. Similarly, post-indentation scanning allows for visualization of the indentation marks after the tests.
Kee S. Moon; Khaled Morsi; Yong K. Hong. Piezoelectric Actuator-Based Nanoindentation. International Journal of Optomechatronics 2007, 1, 103 -121.
AMA StyleKee S. Moon, Khaled Morsi, Yong K. Hong. Piezoelectric Actuator-Based Nanoindentation. International Journal of Optomechatronics. 2007; 1 (2):103-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKee S. Moon; Khaled Morsi; Yong K. Hong. 2007. "Piezoelectric Actuator-Based Nanoindentation." International Journal of Optomechatronics 1, no. 2: 103-121.
Advances in Nanomaterials and Processing: Application of Advanced Materials with a Metastable Phase on Functional Devices and Bio-Sensors
Byung Hak Choe; Soo Keun Shin; Suk Jung Choi; Su Hee Hong; Kee S. Moon; Yong K. Hong; Jong K. Lee. Application of Advanced Materials with a Metastable Phase on Functional Devices and Bio-Sensors. Solid State Phenomena 2007, 124-126, 219 -222.
AMA StyleByung Hak Choe, Soo Keun Shin, Suk Jung Choi, Su Hee Hong, Kee S. Moon, Yong K. Hong, Jong K. Lee. Application of Advanced Materials with a Metastable Phase on Functional Devices and Bio-Sensors. Solid State Phenomena. 2007; 124-126 ():219-222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByung Hak Choe; Soo Keun Shin; Suk Jung Choi; Su Hee Hong; Kee S. Moon; Yong K. Hong; Jong K. Lee. 2007. "Application of Advanced Materials with a Metastable Phase on Functional Devices and Bio-Sensors." Solid State Phenomena 124-126, no. : 219-222.
This paper presents the fabrication process of a novel aperture which allows near field optical data storage. We use PMN-PT ((1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3) single crystal material - a new generation oxide material known as relaxor ferroelectrics that exhibits extraordinary piezoelectric properties - to fabricate microlenes using photolithography and dry etching techniques. In this paper, we describe the fabrication processes of a PMN-PT single crystal material microlens prototype with a miniature aperture for near field optical data storage. PMN-PT has the merits of transparency for optical usage and also has a high dielectric coefficient that is suitable for actuator and sensor applications. It provides an advantage of manufacturing both aperture and actuator/sensor with the same material. The thermal reflow technique is used to fabricate photoresist microlenses on a freestanding single crystal PMN-PT film as a mask. The PMN-PT lenses are fabricated by a chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE) technique. Finally the focused ion beam (FIB) machining process is used to place a miniature aperture at the apex of the microlens. We were able to successfully fabricate the 10μm PMN-PT microlenses with less than 100nm apertures. From the experimental measurement, we were able to obtain the optical throughput of 1.83x10-7 from a 50nm aperture.
Yong K. Hong; Sung Q. Lee; Eun Kyoung Kim; Kang Ho Park; Kee S. Moon. PMN-PT piezoelectric near field optical probe for data storage. Optomechatronic Actuators, Manipulation, and Systems Control 2006, 6374, 63740A -63740.
AMA StyleYong K. Hong, Sung Q. Lee, Eun Kyoung Kim, Kang Ho Park, Kee S. Moon. PMN-PT piezoelectric near field optical probe for data storage. Optomechatronic Actuators, Manipulation, and Systems Control. 2006; 6374 ():63740A-63740.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYong K. Hong; Sung Q. Lee; Eun Kyoung Kim; Kang Ho Park; Kee S. Moon. 2006. "PMN-PT piezoelectric near field optical probe for data storage." Optomechatronic Actuators, Manipulation, and Systems Control 6374, no. : 63740A-63740.
The MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) microphone enables the manufacturing of small mechanical components on the surface of a silicon wafer. The MEMS microphones are less susceptible to vibration because of the smaller diaphragm mass and an excellent candidate for chip-scale packaging. The PMN-PT materials itself exhibit extremely high piezoelectric coefficients and other desirable properties for an acoustic sensor. In this paper, we present a piezoelectric MEMS microphone based on PMN-PT single crystal diaphragm. The fabrication process including dry etching conditions and scale-factored prototype is presented. In particular, this paper introduces the design of a PMN-PT single crystal diaphragm with interdigitated electrode.
Sung Q. Lee; Hae Jin Kim; Kang Ho Park; Yong K. Hong; Kee S. Moon. MEMS acoustic sensor using PMN-PT single-crystal diaphragm. Optomechatronic Actuators, Manipulation, and Systems Control 2006, 6374, 637409 -637409.
AMA StyleSung Q. Lee, Hae Jin Kim, Kang Ho Park, Yong K. Hong, Kee S. Moon. MEMS acoustic sensor using PMN-PT single-crystal diaphragm. Optomechatronic Actuators, Manipulation, and Systems Control. 2006; 6374 ():637409-637409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung Q. Lee; Hae Jin Kim; Kang Ho Park; Yong K. Hong; Kee S. Moon. 2006. "MEMS acoustic sensor using PMN-PT single-crystal diaphragm." Optomechatronic Actuators, Manipulation, and Systems Control 6374, no. : 637409-637409.