Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a major soybean pest in East Asia that can cause soybean staygreen syndrome. To date, no insecticides have been registered for the control of R. pedestris in China, and these insects are primarily controlled in the field through the application of broad-spectrum insecticides including lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and emamectin benzoate (EMB). Here, the lethal and sublethal effects of LCT and EMB on R. pedestris were comprehensively evaluated. LCT and EMB were both found to exhibit high levels of toxicity and concentration-dependent repellent effects for R. pedestris. The exposure of third instar nymphs from the F₀ generation to LC₃₀ concentrations of LCT and EMB resulted in a significant increase in the duration of nymph development and adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), together with reductions in fifth instar nymph and adult body weight, longevity, oviposition days, fecundity, vitellarium length, lateral oviduct diameter, and vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression as compared to control treatment. Strikingly, these suppressive effects were transmitted to the F₁ generation, which similarly experienced the prolongation of preadult development and the preoviposition period (TPOP). Relative to control-treated populations, the F₁ generation for these insecticide-treated groups also exhibited significant decreases in population parameter values. Overall, these data offer new insight into the impact that LCT and EMB treatment can have on R. pedestris, providing a valuable foundation for the application of these pesticides in the context of integrated pest management strategies aimed at soybean crop preservation.

Butachlor (BTR), a widely used chloroacetanilide herbicide in rice paddies worldwide, has raised concerns due to limited data on its environmental transformation products (TPs) and their ecotoxicological effects. This study systematically investigates BTR's degradation kinetics, mechanisms, pathways, and ecotoxicity in water and soil through batch tests, integrating Non-Target Screening (NTS) with Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. Hydrolysis half-lives (DT₅₀) ranged from 73.2 to 196 days (pH 4-9), while photolysis half-lives were 12.9-18.6 h, indicating enhanced degradation in alkaline and light-exposed conditions. In three representative soils, DT₅₀ values ranged from 22.3 to 38 days, with black soil exhibiting the most rapid degradation. Moreover, anaerobic conditions marginally accelerated degradation in both fluvo-aquic and red soils. Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, ten TPs were identified, including three novel ones, and four (TP191, TP225, TP277, TP293) were confirmed with synthetic standards. A probable transformation mechanism was suggested based on the identified TPs and Density Functional Theory (DFT) based calculations. Mechanistically, BTR degradation in soil primarily involves N-demethylation, N-debutoxylation and hydrolysis, whereas in water it proceeds through a more diverse array of pathways - including dechlorination, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, N-debutoxylation, cyclization, hydrolysis, dehydration, and oxidation. Finally, Ecotoxicity modeling showed certain TPs, particularly TP277, had "extreme" acute toxicity to Daphnia magna, while TP277 and TP293 posed higher chronic toxicity risks to Danio rerio than the parent compound. These findings highlight the ecological risks of BTR TPs and advocate for their inclusion in environmental risk assessments to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.

In view of the defects in the previous detection of cuaminosulfate, which only focused on the analysis of copper ions, there is currently no analysis method available to determine the actual state of cuaminosulfate as chelated or bound. In order to investigate the dissipation and terminal residues in soil and watermelon of cuaminosulfate for food safety and environmental risk, a highly effective technique was developed to detect cuaminosulfate residues in watermelon and soil, and field experiments were conducted in China. After single-factor experiments, residual cuaminosulfate in samples was extracted by pure water, purified using a liquid–liquid approach combined with a dispersive solid-phase extraction, and detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The Box–Behnken design (BBD) study was used to find the optimal solutions for the time of liquid–liquid purification, the amount of extraction solvent, and the amounts of cleanup sorbents for the analytical method. The average recovery of the method was in the range of 80.0% to 101.1%, the average relative standard deviation (RSD) was 5.3–9.9%, and the detection limit was lower than 0.05 mg/kg. The BBD study not only improved the extraction rate of the method, but also saved time and was operated easily. The final residues of cuaminosulfate in watermelon at different sampling intervals were all lower than 0.05 mg/kg under field conditions. The cuaminosulfate in soils dissipated following exponential kinetics, with half-life values in the range of 9.39 to 12.58 days, which varied by different locations. Based on the validated method, food safety residues and soil residues can be determined rapidly and accurately.

This study evaluated the residue behavior and dissipation dynamics of a new imidacloprid FS 600 seed treatment in potato cultivation systems in Shandong and Jilin, China. Sensitive and accurate UPLC-MS/MS methods were established to quantify imidacloprid residues in potatoes, potato plants, and soil. Results showed that imidacloprid dissipation followed a first-order kinetic model, with half-lives ranging from 6.9 to 26.7 days in plants and 19.8 to 28.9 days in soil. At harvest, the highest average residues in potatoes and soil were 0.778 mg/kg and 0.149 mg/kg, respectively. The dietary risk assessment indicated a chronic risk quotient (CRQ) of 39.73% for adults, indicating minimal risk to human consumers, while the ecological risk quotient (ERQ) and ecotoxicity exposure ratio (TER) revealed low to moderate toxicity to earthworms, warranting caution in the use of this formulation. This research provides valuable data for assessing the safety of imidacloprid FS seed treatment in potato cultivation.