The metal oxides/graphene composites are one of the most promising supercapacitors (SCs) electrode materials. However, rational synthesis of such electrode materials with controllable conductivity and electrochemical activity is the topical challenge for high‐performance SCs. Here, the Co₃O₄/graphene composite is taken as a typical example and develops a novel/universal one‐step laser irradiation method that overcomes all these challenges and obtains the oxygen‐vacancy abundant ultrafine Co₃O₄ nanoparticles/graphene (UCNG) composites with high SCs performance. First‐principles calculations show that the surface oxygen vacancies can facilitate the electrochemical charge transfer by creating midgap electronic states. The specific capacitance of the UCNG electrode reaches 978.1 F g⁻¹ (135.8 mA h g⁻¹) at the current densities of 1 A g⁻¹ and retains a high capacitance retention of 916.5 F g⁻¹ (127.3 mA h g⁻¹) even at current density up to 10 A g⁻¹, showing remarkable rate capability (more than 93.7% capacitance retention). Additionally, 99.3% of the initial capacitance is maintained after consecutive 20 000 cycles, demonstrating enhanced cycling stability. Moreover, this proposed laser‐assisted growth strategy is demonstrated to be universal for other metal oxide/graphene composites with tuned electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity.

In the past decades, pseudocapacitive materials (PCMs) for electrochemical energy storage have drawn enthusiastic attention from researchers, owing to their virtue of larger Faradaic capacitance facilitating enhanced energy densities compared to electric double‐layer capacitive materials. To maximize capacitive properties without sacrificing power densities, novel design and fine fabrication of innovative PCMs with rational micro‐structures become of significant importance. Typically, enormous efforts have been devoted to fabricating 1D nanostructured PCMs for advanced supercapacitors, thanks to their geometrical merits facilitating the ionic/electronic transport. This review mainly focuses on the latest development and progress of 1D nanostructured PCMs for advanced supercapacitors. Firstly, typical pseudocapacitive mechanisms are discussed in detail. Secondly, physicochemical properties and intrinsic merits of 1D nanoscaled electrodes are comprehensively described. Thirdly, representative synthetic methodologies, optimization strategies and involved formation mechanisms for 1D nanodimensional PCMs are surveyed. Besides, the applications of 1D versatile PCMs including 1D conventional nanostructures, nano‐arrays, core‐shell nano‐architectures and secondary superstructures are systematically summarized as competitive electrodes for supercapacitors. Finally, future challenges, prospects and opportunities of 1D nanostructured PCMs for next‐generation supercapacitors are further proposed.