Grape polyphenols contributing to more than half of the global polyphenol market were well studied; however, how melatonin (MLT), a potential plant hormone, and abscisic acid (ABA) affects polyphenols profile is still poorly understood. To explore whether these hormones are involved in polyphenolic biosynthesis, grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Kyoho) was exposed to MLT, ABA, and NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) treatments, and 16 polyphenols were identified from grape extracts by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Both exogenous MLT and ABA significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of each flavonol and flavanol component, especially catechin, which was almost increased double by 200 µM of MLT treatment. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including 4-coumaroyl-CoA synthase, chalcone synthase, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase, anthocyanin 3′-methyltransferase, flavonol synthase, flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase, and flavonoid 3′,5′-methyltransferase were highly up-regulated as well but were down-regulated by NDGA. The present study provided new insights for improving flavonoids accumulation in agricultural production and its underlying mechanism.

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Nevertheless, due to food safety concerns, substantial amounts of potatoes are not utilized, resulting in losses. Dormancy development is affected by potato variety, temperature, light, humidity, and so forth. Traditional and novel techniques to detect potato dormancy have been developed based on infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral, and multispectral imaging systems in combination with simulation verification. This review describes the ability of novel approaches to address the uncertain hazardous issue and delay or inhibit potato dormancy incidence and development. Further, this review describes the role of carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone regulation involved in potato dormancy, the mechanism of action to address dormancy, and challenges and recommendations moving forward. More work is needed to develop novel approaches toward addressing the problem of potato germination after harvest.