In the Internet of Things (IoT), many devices can communicate with each other directly through the Internet, and there are already good applications in transportation systems, smart meters, and smart home appliances. Wireless sensor networks are used in these Internet of things applications. Playing a vital role, the upload of data requires multiple layers of transmission to reach the cloud. In the industrial control field, many IoT devices upload data to the cloud for storage, but the upload process is easily tampered with, and centralized cloud services also have security concerns. In addition, in the local IoT perception layer among them, the security of sensor identity verification is also very important for message transmission. The main reason why the past blockchain technology could not be widely used in industrial control and other application fields is the cost considerations, because the procedures for running blockchain nodes and uploading transactions are too expensive. Therefore, this paper proposes an IoT architecture based on the IOTA Tangle network to solve the centralization problem of IoT storage in the cloud, and uses the method of MAM (Masked Authenticated Message) to trace the information of WSNs, while achieving data security and data preservation. In the edge devices of WSNs, because of the insufficient memory and computing performance of many devices, it is impossible to perform proof of work calculations. Therefore, this paper uses the logical key hierarchy-based method to manage the sensors, and applies symmetric and asymmetric encryption in blockchain. The identity verification of the device can be effectively achieved, and the operating cost can be effectively reduced.

Secure multicast provides efficient delivery which includes an identical data from a source to multiple receivers. A common solution is to apply a symmetric key that is used to encrypt the transmitted data. However, the heavy cost of the rekeying process is the main problem in large and dynamic multicast groups. The tree-based architecture is widely used to reduce the rekeying cost in terms of storage, transmission and computation. However, it usually requires extra overhead to keep key tree balance which is in order to achieve logarithmic rekeying cost. In this paper, we shall propose a new RSA-like multicast key management scheme to solve the rekeying problem. Our protocol applies a star-based architecture to eliminate the rekeying processes and provide the good performance when the membership changes in a multicast group. Furthermore, we also provide an extended multicast scheme, in which we combine public-key and symmetric-key cryptosystems to enhance the performance of multicast encryption.

In today’s digital landscape, the exponential growth of data heightens security risks associated with traditional centralized storage systems. Utilizing blockchain technology, a shift towards decentralized data storage provides a more secure and private alternative. Central to our work is the exploration of symmetry in data management, a concept woven into the fabric of our proposed solution to challenge the inherency in InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) technology. Through the strategic utilization of smart contract-invoked random functions, our blockchain-based solution fragments and securely stores data in order to ensure a symmetrical balance between confidentiality and integrity. Our research endeavors are to contribute a robust, ethically grounded data storage framework fostering advancements in secure data sharing. The implications of this paper are significant in addressing contemporary challenges of data management within the expansive realm of big data.