In order to solve adverse effects caused by disorderly hydrogen refueling behavior of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) and output power uncertainty of renewable energy sources on integrated energy stations, this paper proposes a self-sustained energy management system based on elite genetic algorithm for integrated energy stations (IESs) to support the low carbon and economical operation of self-sustained highway transportation energy system. First, a detailed IES model is developed to simulate dynamic interaction between utility grid, hydrogen network and transportation network. Second, a two-layer energy optimization management system is established. The upper layer forms user behavior modes of HFCVs to reduce its peak-valley difference and hydrogen refueling cost. The lower layer gives energy management strategies and feeds back to the upper layer based on HFCVs refueling behavior patterns to improve self-sustain rate and reduce carbon emission costs of IESs, meanwhile IESs provide auxiliary services according to their operating status. The simulation results verify the feasibility and correctness proposed IESs model and its self-sustained energy management system.

Power source structure has developed significantly because of the increasing share of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the power system. RESs bring inevitable impacts on power system frequency, voltage regulation, and power system stability. The conventional automatic generation control (AGC) loops which relay only on the synchronous generating units cannot meet the requirements of these new circumstances. This paper presents an ESS-integrated PV/wind station topology and its control structure for AGC auxiliary service in order to provide existing RESs the additional functionality of AGC auxiliary service without changing their control strategies conceived for MPPT mode. The shifting operation modes and external disturbances make ESSs in an ESS-integrated PV/wind station inherently nonlinear and time variable. Therefore, an adaptive robust sliding-mode control (ARSMC) system is proposed. The ARSMC colligates the advantages of adaptive control and SMC contains state feedback term, robust control term, and adaptive compensation term. The strictly logical and rigorous proof using Lyapunov stability analysis indicates the ARSMC system is insensitive to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances; meanwhile, it guarantees fast response speed and high control precision. The case studies on NI-PXI platform validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Power systems have developed significantly because of the increasing share of renewable energy sources (RESs). Despite the advantages, they also bring inevitable challenges to power system stability, especially under extreme fault conditions. This paper presents a practical active support control strategy for RESs to support the power grid under extreme fault conditions. The proof process is taken in an AC‐DC hybrid power grid integrated with large capacity of PV stations and wind farms. The on‐site engineering test results reflect that RESs bring potential risks in the AC‐DC hybrid power grid operation and validate the excellent engineering practical features of the proposed control strategy. In addition, test results also reveal predisposing factors of power system instability which are missing in the simulation and fault simulation device‐based testing results. They prove the outstanding advantages of on‐site engineering tests.

New features like high penetration level, low inertia, and weak damping are decreasing voltage support capacity in the power system as it sees large-scale renewable energy source (RES) integration continuously. The reasonable solution to this challenge is developing an additional active voltage regulation function for voltage source converters (VSCs). This study proposes a droop-based active voltage control strategy for VSCs in large-scale RES-integrated power systems to make VSCs continue to operate and regulate the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) during a fault without causing overcurrent. In order to meet the requirements of RESs and grid code, all control boundary conditions are designed based on practical engineering data. Meanwhile, plant uncertainty and parameter disturbance are introduced into a robust stability margin analysis model based on the component connection method (CCM) and structured singular value (SSV) to improve the engineering application prospect. The effectiveness and feasibility of this control strategy are proved by logical deduction and practical simulation based on a generalized small-signal model.