Oxidative stress contributes to cell aging and is implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cancer. As a classic model for studying aging, Drosophila is also widely used in oxidative stress research due to its genetic tractability and physiological relevance. However, researchers often face challenges in selecting appropriate methods to characterize oxidative stress damage due to the diversity of available techniques and the complexity of oxidative stress mechanisms. To address this gap, this guideline provides a comprehensive summary of commonly used research methods for studying oxidative stress damage using Drosophila. It includes detailed explanations of basic principles and specific operating procedures, covering aspects such as lifespan analysis, ROS content, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, and inflammation levels. By offering an organized and practical reference, this guideline serves as a critical resource for researchers in method selection and experimental design, thus advancing the field of oxidative stress research.

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound widely distributed in diverse plant sources and has attracted sustained scientific interest due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, metabolic regulatory, and anti‐aging properties. Over the past 5 years, resveratrol research has progressed substantially, with notable advances in the identification of its natural sources, strategies to improve physicochemical stability, deeper elucidation of underlying biological mechanisms, and the accumulation of clinical evidence. Emerging studies indicate that resveratrol exerts pleiotropic effects through multi‐target and multi‐pathway actions, including the modulation of oxidative stress, attenuation of inflammatory responses, preservation of mitochondrial function, regulation of cell fate, and interaction with the gut microbiota through shaping microbial composition and metabolic activity, thereby contributing to the prevention or amelioration of a broad spectrum of diseases. Meanwhile, recent developments in delivery systems and formulation technologies have provided encouraging approaches to enhance resveratrol stability and systemic exposure. Clinical investigations conducted have yielded more cautious and nuanced evaluations of its efficacy and safety, particularly in metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. Based on studies published from 2021 to 2025, this review summarizes current knowledge on the natural sources, stability, biological activities, clinical progress, and safety considerations of resveratrol. Furthermore, existing challenges and future perspectives are critically discussed, aiming to provide an updated and comprehensive reference for the rational development and application of resveratrol in food and nutrition sciences.

Tea polyphenols (TPs), potent antioxidants found in tea, offer cellular protection and health benefits. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a widely used organic solvent in medicine, remains controversial due to its potential embryonic toxicity. This study explored the effects of TPs from oolong and black tea, DMSO exposure, and their combined treatment on embryonic development using a fruit fly model. TPs from oolong tea (rich in catechin and EGCG) and black tea (mainly catechin) promoted embryonic development, enhanced larval vitality, and improved oxidative stress resistance in adults. Catechin intervention mirrored the effects of TPs from oolong and black tea, while the effect of EGCG was sex‐dependent. DMSO showed dose‐dependent toxicity, with 1% concentrations disrupting organ development and preventing emergence. Notably, EGCG and oolong tea TPs supported normal organ formation. Furthermore, catechin and tea TPs alleviated 0.5% DMSO‐induced damage, boosting larval vitality, adult locomotion, and body weight in males, while reducing oxidative stress.

This study evaluated the effects of grape seed polyphenols (GSP) on growth, metabolism, lifespan, and antioxidant responses in C. elegans . Under 500 μg/mL GSP treatment, the healthy lifespan of C. elegans was evidently extended compared with the control group, and the body length was significantly shortened, but the head swing speed was improved, the total number of eggs laying and offspring was noticeably increased, and the survival rates under H ₂ O ₂ stimulation and heat stress conditions were also greatly improved. In addition, the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD/CAT/GSH‐Px) were remarkably increased, and ROS levels were down‐regulated. Metabolomics indicated dose‐dependent remodeling of glycolytic/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and one‐carbon nodes within the targeted panel. Relative to control, GSP increased alanine, glutamine (near‐threshold q ), succinate, and aspartate, while lactate and glutamate decreased; serine, glycine, and G3P rose dose‐dependently—consistent with enhanced 1C/SAM and GSH‐linked redox support and a shift of pyruvate from lactate toward mitochondrial oxidation. s kn‐1 , sod‐3 , gst‐4 , and hsp‐16.2 levels were up‐regulated, suggesting that GSP may affect epigenetic regulation through SKN‐1/Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant signaling pathway and histone H3K4 methylation. These results indicate that GSP may improve the physiological health status of worms by modulating anti‐oxidative stress, metabolic homeostasis, and epigenetic regulation, supporting its use as a natural antioxidant.

The gel of low-esterification pectin has no special requirements for soluble solids and is often used as a thickening agent, gelling agent and stabilizer in food. Pectin is difficult to digest and absorb when ingested by the human body. It is mainly fermented and utilized by the intestinal flora at the end of the intestine to produce active substances such as short-chain fatty acids. Therefore, pectin may be able to regulate the composition of intestinal flora and affect human health. The intestinal flora is diverse, and there may be a preference for the utilization of low-ester pectin. This study selected three different human intestinal bacteria, including five strains of Bacteroides xylanolyticus, two strains of Enterococcus faecium and two strains of Bifidobacterium longum, to explore their differences in the degradation and utilization of low-esterification pectin. The culture medium was prepared using low-ester pectin L102 as the sole carbon source. Through the growth pattern, pH value, sugar content and short-chain fatty acid changes of each strain in the pectin culture medium, the degradation effect of the different intestinal bacteria on low-esterification pectin was elucidated. The results showed that Bifidobacterium longum had a weak ability to degrade low-ester pectin and poor growth. Both Bacteroides xylanolyticum and Enterococcus faecium can degrade low-esterification pectin and grow well, among which Bacteroides xylanolyticum Bt-17 and Enterococcus faecium ET-2 are the best. The difference is that Bacteroides xylanolyticum Bt-17 degrades low-esterification pectin to mainly produce acetic acid and propionic acid, while Enterococcus faecium ET-2 degrades low-esterification pectin to mainly produce acetic acid. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the selective interaction between low-ester pectin and the intestinal flora and provide a strategy for selectively regulating the composition of the intestinal flora.