In this paper we present an analysis of attenuation by woven structures produced from hybrid yarns. The woven structures have been designed for protection against electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The idea of creating hybrid yarns that may intensively protect against EMFs comes from the analogy discovered between the construction of a fancy bunch yarn and an electric system composed of electro-conductive solenoids on a ferromagnetic material connected in series and then in parallel. The application of hybrid fancy yarn as a weft made of copper as a special effect thread insulated with lacquer and wrapped around a core of steel thread in a textile fabric will enable EMF attenuation as a result of inducing an electromotive force in the special effect thread and magnetizing the core thread. In this way, the designed electric circuit (textile fabric) in the variable primary EMF will be the source of a secondary EMF directed opposite to the direction of the primary field. The fabricated woven structures present electrical and magnetic components of EMF attenuation in some narrow ranges.

Nonwovens are one of the most versatile textile materials and have become increasingly popular in almost all sectors of the economy due to their low manufacturing costs and unique properties. In the next few years, the world market of nonwovens is predicted to grow by 7%–8% annually (International Nonwovens & Disposables Association [INDA], European Disposables and Nonwovens Association [EDANA], and Markets and Markets). This article aims to analyze the most recent trends in the global export and import of nonwovens, to present two case studies of Polish companies that produce them, and to present one special case study of the market of nonwoven geotextiles in China and India, which are the Asian transition economies among the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).

The great interest in fancy yarns area was noticed at the textile market all over the world as well as in science area. That interest may be the consequence of liberalization in trade with countries like China. Due to liberalization in fancy yarns sector trade between Europe and Asia, the main Asian producers of fancy yarns compete with each other to offer more and more sophisticated products. The production of fancy yarns has been differentiated and enriched in such scale that makes almost impossible to catalog and standardized all the produced types. However, certain activities has been taken up at The Technical University of Lodz with cooperation of the University of Gent to investigate the area from scientific point of view, mainly by tests based on fancy cotton yarns e.g. spiral, loop and bunch as well as fancy elastic yarns e.g. spiral, bunch and flame yarns. The aspects of fancy yarns implementation into fabrics will be considered as well as positioning those scientific activities at the European level with connection to the global policy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is bringing closer the matters concerning fancy cotton yarns and fancy elastic yarns from scientific point of view on a base of chosen examples carrying out a comparison of physical properties of those fancy yarns, the introduction of those yarns as wefts into fabrics. The aesthetic aspects and behaviour at wear of final products will be considered. The first experiment concerns the production, on the ring twisting frame, of three types of fancy cotton yarns, spiral, loop and bunch which were differentiated in respect of twist, linear density, the angel of lap of pegs by yarn on the slat of ring-twisting frame (the input only for spiral yarns) and the frequency of rocker's action in ringtwisting frame (the input only for bunch yarns). All obtained yarns were analysed in respect of real value of twist (t/m), linear density (tex), breaking force (cN/tex), elongation during breaking (%), air index (m/sec), bending rigidity (cN*cm) and width of hysteresis from bending rigidity test (cN*cm/cm). The fancy cotton fabrics were analysed in respect of mass surface (g/m2), friction-mass loss (g), piling, flexural rigidity (mg*cm), tearing (N), creasing, breaking force (cN/cm) and elongation while breaking. The second experiment concerns the production, on the hollow spindle, of three types of fancy elastic yarns, loop, bunch and flame yarns which were differentiated in respect of twist (t/m), linear density (tex), the value of stretch given to the elastic component (%) and preparation of the bobbin - precise and normal. All obtained yarns were analysed in respect of real value of twist (t/m), linear density (tex), breaking force (cN/tex), elongation during breaking (%), air index (m/sec). The fancy elastic fabrics were analysed in respect of mass surface, flexural rigidity (mg*cm), creasing, breaking force (cN/cm) and elongation while breaking (%) and dimensional stability. All the statistical analyses were carried out with usage of multiple regression module.

The article examines the shielding effectiveness of fabrics with conductive fibres in the microwave frequency range. Because of the limited size of the samples and high frequency range, the methods presented in literature could not be applied in this research. The method proposed, using a special measurement setup, demonstrated practicality for smaller textile samples. The results showed an angular dependence of shielding effectiveness, suggesting the need for perpendicular orientation of conductive fibres in fabrics to maximize shielding. This research provides knowledge on tailored solutions to mitigate electromagnetic interference in modern electronic technologies.