This article describes a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) temperature sensor that utilizes a flat, metal-coated trapezoidal surface. The PCF is made up of two layers of elliptical air holes and a polished trapezoidal surface that allows temperature sensing. An external sensing approach is used to deposit a thin silver layer on the reflective surface, while a thin SiO₂ film acts as an oxidation-resistant coating. The top elliptical air hole serves as the interface for energy transformation from the core-guided mode to the surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) mode. Simulations carried out using the finite element method indicate that the proposed SPR-PCF temperature sensor can achieve a maximum temperature sensitivity and resolution of up to 5200 pm/°C and 0.01923 °C, respectively, across a temperature range of 10 to 60 °C. This research has significant potential for sensor design and real-time temperature remote sensing applications.

We report conducting atomic force microscopy study of nanoscale hole transport in an electroluminescent polymer. Imaging of current variation with a spatial resolution of around 20 nm is achieved. Local current–voltage measurements are performed and the mobilities obtained from space-charge-limited current analysis are two orders of magnitude higher than macroscopic results. A Poole–Frenkel plot shows a clear transition at a field of around ${\text{1.5×10}}^6\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{V/cm},$ which is consistent with reported values of polaron dissociation field.

Local surface work-function (WF) measurement on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films prepared by different cleaning methods for use as anode materials in organic light-emitting diodes were studied using scanning surface-potential microscopy. The ITO WF changes with standard wet-cleaning treatment correspond directly to asperities on the film surface. The maximum difference value (MDV) in the local WF reached $0.41\mathrm{eV}$ . However, after wet-cleaning ITO with the ultraviolet ozone or $\mathrm{O}$ -plasma treatment, the WF distribution is more uniform than the original distribution. Owing to the sufficient ITO surface oxidization, the mean local WF value increases effectively to more than $5.00\mathrm{eV}$ and the MDV is less than $0.05\mathrm{eV}$ . Furthermore, the changes in roughness and conductivity on the ITO surface at different treatment times are also discussed. The proper exposure time for the $\mathrm{O}$ -plasma treatment can thereby be determined.