This study aimed to investigate the ability of the novel materials D-α-tocopheryl poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) succinate (TPOS) to construct pH-sensitive liposomes. TPOS was initially synthesized and characterized by TLC, FTIR, and ¹H-NMR. The buffering capacity of polyethylene glycol- distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) and TPOS was determined by acid-base titration, and TPOS displayed a slower downtrend and gentler slope of titration curve than PEG-DSPE within pH 7.4-5.0. Studies on the in vitro drug release demonstrated that TPOS modified docetaxel (DOC) liposomes (TPOS-DOC-L) had a slower drug-release rate at pH 7.4 similar to PEGylated-DOC liposomes (PEG-DOC-L), whereas the release rate reached approximately 86.92% ± 1.69% at pH 6.4. In vitro cellular uptake assays by microplate reader, and flow cytometry revealed that TPOS modified coumarin 6 liposomes (TPOS-C6-L) had stronger cellular uptake at pH 6.4 than that at pH 7.4 (P < 0.01). Conversely, for PEGylated C6 liposomes (PEG-C6-L) and conventional C6 liposomes (C6-L), very similar cellular uptakes were exhibited at different pH values. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that PEG-C6-L and C6-L were mainly located in lysosomes. By contrast, TPOS-C6-L showed broader cytoplasmic release and distribution at 4 h. MTT assay showed that the cytotoxicity of TPOS-DOC-L was similar to that of PEG-DOC-L and conventional DOC liposomes (DOC-L) at the same DOC concentration and at pH 7.4, but was much lower than those at pH 6.4 after 48 h of incubation. The apoptosis of PEG-DOC-L and DOC-L had no remarkable improvement with decreased pH from 7.4 to 6.4. Meanwhile, TPOS-DOC-L significantly induced the apoptosis of HeLa cells with decreased pH. Therefore, TPOS can be a biomaterial for the construction of a pH-sensitive drug delivery system.

Non-pharmaceutical midwifery techniques, including perineal warm compresses, to improve maternal outcomes remain controversial. The aims of this study are to assess the effects of perineal warm compresses on reducing perineal trauma and postpartum perineal pain relief. This systematic review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched seven bibliographic databases, three RCT register websites, and two dissertation databases for publications from inception to 15 March 2023. Chinese and English publications were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the risk of bias assessment, data extraction, and the evaluation of the certainty of the evidence utilizing the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 assessment criteria, the Review Manager 5.4, and the online GRADEpro tool, respectively. Seven RCTs involving 1362 primiparous women were included. The combined results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the second-, third- and/or fourth- degree perineal lacerations, the incidence of episiotomy, and the relief of the short-term perineal pain postpartum (within two days). There was a potential favorable effect on improving the integrity of the perineum. However, the results did not show a statistically significant supportive effect on reducing first-degree perineal lacerations and the rate of perineal lacerations requiring sutures. In summary, perineal warm compresses effectively reduced the second-, third-/or fourth-degree perineal trauma and decreased the short-term perineal pain after birth.

Objectives: To review, evaluate, and synthesize the recommendations of guidelines on preeclampsia (PE) from a nursing perspective. Methods: This is a systematic review of international and national guidelines on PE. Electronic databases and related guideline websites were searched from 2013 to 2023. After systematic retrieval and screening, we used the AGREE II tool to appraise the methodological quality of guidelines that met the eligibility criteria. Then, we analyzed and summarized the recommendations using descriptive analysis and the framework method. Furthermore, we rated the quality of evidence and the strength of the recommendations using the GRADE approach. Results: Ten guidelines were included, among which eight were deemed "clinically useful" and records were extracted. In total, 31 recommendations, including 46 items on the nursing management of PE, were summarized from three aspects: 1) antenatal care (18 recommendations), including the assessment and regular monitoring of PE, standardized blood pressure (BP) measurement, prevention education for PE, antihypertensive agent monitoring, and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) use; 2) intrapartum care (4 recommendations), including childbirth care; 3) postpartum care (9 recommendations), including regular nursing monitoring, breastfeeding care and longer-term health counseling. Most of the evidence was rated as "very low" (19/46) or "moderate" (15/46) quality. For the strength of the recommendations, 30 items were graded as "strong" and 16 items were rated as "weak". Conclusions: This study provides professional, evidence-based nursing care resources both for preservice education for nursing staff and health care education for women with PE to help them detect and treat PE in a timely manner. (c) 2024 The authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Chinese Nursing Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

In order to solve the problem of long time consuming and low efficiency in solving the complex combustion surface of solid rocket propellant, a combustion surface calculation method based on parameterized volume Boolean operation was proposed. After the solid model of propellant was created by using 3D modeling software, the parameterized burning surface model was used to perform Boolean difference calculation between the obtained burning surface growth entity and the propellant entity. Through Sensitivity Analysis function, the variation range of parameterized value was set, so as to obtain the burning face value under different burning thickness. In this paper, star shaped charge column is selected to calculate the combustion surface, and the feasibility of the method is verified. This method provides a basis for subsequent combustion surface calculation.