Background/Objectives: The therapeutic approach to bone mass loss and bone’s limited self-regeneration is a major focus of research, emphasizing new biomaterials and cell therapy. Tissue bioengineering emerges as a potential alternative to conventional treatments. In this study, an experimental model of a critical bone lesion in rats was used to investigate bone regeneration by treating the defect with biomaterials Evolution^® and Gen-Os^® (OsteoBiol^®, Turín, Italy), with or without mesenchymal stromal cells from dental pulp (DP-MSCs). Methods: Forty-six adult male Wistar rats were subjected to a 5-mm critical bone defect in the right mandible, which does not regenerate without intervention. The rats were randomly assigned to a Simulated Group, Control Group, or two Study Groups (using Evolution^®, Gen-Os^®, and DP-MSCs). The specimens were euthanized at three or six months, and radiological, histological, and ELISA tests were conducted to assess bone regeneration. Results: The radiological results showed that the DP-MSC group achieved uniform radiopacity and continuity in the bone edge, with near-complete structural defect restitution. Histologically, full bone regeneration was observed, with well-organized, vascularized lamellar bone and no lesion edges. These findings were supported by increases in endoglin, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), protocollagen, parathormone, and calcitonin, indicating a conducive environment for bone regeneration. Conclusions: The use of DP-MSCs combined with biomaterials with appropriate three-dimensional matrices is a promising therapeutic option for further exploration.

The increase in the rate and prevalence of diseases associated with the localized and general loss of bone mass calls for an investigation into therapeutic alternatives that largely involve the de-velopment of new biomaterials and cell therapy, converting tissue bioengineering into a prom-ising option. An experimental model of a critical mandibular lesion in rats has been used to study bone re-generation by treating the ostectomy with the biomaterials Evolution® and Gen-Os® (OsteoBiol®, Italy) combined, or not, with dental pulp stem cells (DP-MSC). The results obtained through the Micro-CT and histological study reveal the almost complete re-covery of the lesion in the group with DP-MSC. These results are supported by increases in endoglin, TGF-β, protocollagen I, parathormone, and calcitonin, generating an environment of bone generation and development when combining Evolution® and Gen-Os® (OsteoBiol®, Italy) with DP-MSC. These promising results confirm the transcendental role of DP-MSC in combina-tion with osteogenic biomaterials for bone regeneration, and warrant further studies, including its assessment in clinical trials.

Objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, is associated with poorer outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia, including the Total Psoas Area Index (TPAI), and its association with tumor stage, postoperative complications, and survival in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including 79 patients who underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma. Sarcopenia was assessed using a combination of CT-derived muscle mass (TPAI), muscle strength (dynamometry), and functional status (SARC-F). Patients were divided into sarcopenic (SG) and non-sarcopenic (NSG) groups. Clinical and survival data were compared between groups. Results: Sarcopenia was identified in 36.7% of patients. Early-stage disease (I–II) was less frequent in the SG (20.7%) compared to the NSG (44%), whereas stage IV tumors were more common in the SG (20.7% vs. 6%). Sarcopenic patients had a lower body mass index and underwent fewer laparoscopic procedures (44.8% vs. 68%, p = 0.03). Postoperative complications, such as pneumonia and ileus, were more frequent in the SG. Overall survival was significantly lower in the SG (17 vs. 21 months, respectively, p = 0.042), with a reduction in disease-free survival as well. Postoperative TPAI values remained lower in the SG. Conclusions: Sarcopenia, as defined by combined assessment including TPAI, was associated with advanced tumor stage, increased postoperative risk, and reduced survival in patients with gastric cancer. Preoperative assessment of muscle mass may help identify high-risk patients and optimize clinical management.