Stem cell research has the transformative potential to revolutionize medicine. Language models like ChatGPT, which use artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing, generate human-like text that can aid researchers. However, it is vital to ensure the accuracy and reliability of AI-generated references. This study assesses Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT)’s utility in stem cell research and evaluates the accuracy of its references. Of the 86 references analyzed, 15.12% were fabricated and 9.30% were erroneous. These errors were due to limitations such as no real-time internet access and reliance on preexisting data. Artificial hallucinations were also observed, where the text seems plausible but deviates from fact. Monitoring, diverse training, and expanding knowledge cut-off can help to reduce fabricated references and hallucinations. Researchers must verify references and consider the limitations of AI models. Further research is needed to enhance the accuracy of such language models. Despite these challenges, ChatGPT has the potential to be a valuable tool for stem cell research. It can help researchers to stay up-to-date on the latest developments in the field and to find relevant information.

The therapeutic potential of Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF), mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC), and conditioned media (AdMSC-CM) for repairing full-thickness skin wounds was evaluated using a rabbit model. The rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups with six animals each and treatment was given as per the predetermined protocol (3 doses at one-week interval): Group A (Control), Group B (AdSVF), Group C (AdMSC), Group D (AdMSC-CM), Group E (PF127), Group F (AdSVF + PF127), Group G (AdMSC + PF127), and Group H (AdMSC-CM + PF127). Skin tissue samples were collected from the healing wounds on day 28 for staining and collagen quantification. Collagen density (Area %) was quantified using tissue sections stained with Masson's Trichrome (MT) and Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain using the Colour Deconvolution plugin of ImageJ and RGB stack method, respectively. These techniques function based on separating different colour channels in the stained tissue sections to isolate the collagen fibers and then quantifying them through thresholding and image analysis. Across the treatment groups, both staining methods generally showed a trend of increased collagen density compared to the control group. For most groups, PSR staining consistently indicated slightly lower collagen densities than MT staining. However, the overall trends were similar in both staining. The comparison between PSR and MT staining methods revealed that both techniques effectively assess collagen density in healing wounds. However, there were subtle differences in the absolute values obtained, with PSR staining tending to yield slightly lower collagen density measurements than MT. These differences can be attributed to the distinct mechanisms of these staining methods. Therefore, both staining methods can digitally quantify collagen density in wound healing research.

Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) hydrogel is a versatile biomaterial with promising applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. PF-127 has antiadhesive activity that prevents bacterial adhesion by creating a hydrated layer on the bacterial surface. This property makes PF-127 suitable for preventing implant-associated infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of PF-127 using field isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and compare them with different antibiotic standards. The antimicrobial potential was assessed using disk diffusion assays with four standard concentrations (20%, 25%, 30%, and 40%). The test microorganisms were inoculated on agar plates, and sterile filter paper disks infused with PF-127 hydrogels were placed alongside standard antibiotic disks. After incubation, the inhibition zones were measured to determine antimicrobial activity. Our results showed that PF-127 lacked intrinsic antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, PF-127 hydrogel is a promising neutral carrier hydrogel system for loading antibiotics and antimicrobial compounds. Its unique properties, such as biocompatibility and thermo-responsive behaviour, combined with its antiadhesive activity, make it an ideal candidate for various biomedical applications.

Bone regeneration poses a significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering, prompting ongoing research to explore innovative strategies for effective bone healing. The integration of stem cells and nanomaterial scaffolds has emerged as a promising approach, offering the potential to enhance regenerative outcomes. This study focuses on the application of a stem cell-laden nanomaterial scaffold designed for bone regeneration in rabbits. The in vivo study was conducted on thirty-six healthy skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits that were randomly allocated into six groups. Group A was considered the control, wherein a 15 mm critical-sized defect was created and left as such without any treatment. In group B, this defect was filled with a polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite (PCL + HAP) scaffold, whereas in group C, a PCL + HAP-carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH) scaffold was used. In group D, a PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold was used with local injection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on postoperative days 30, 45, and 60. The rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were seeded onto the PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold by the centrifugal method. In group E, an rBMSC-seeded PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold was used along with the local injection of rBMSC on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. For group F, in addition to the treatment given to group E, BMP-2 was administered locally on postoperative days 30, 45, and 60. Gross observations, radiological observation, scanning electron microscopic assessment, and histological evaluation study showed that group F displayed the best healing properties, followed by group E, group D, group C, and B. Group A showed no healing with ends blunting minimal fibrous tissue. Incorporating growth factor BMP-2 in tissue-engineered rBMSC-loaded nanocomposite PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH construct can augment the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, thereby enhancing the healing in a critical-sized bone defect. This novel stem cell composite could prove worthy in the treatment of non-union and delayed union fractures in the near future.

Wound healing and skin regeneration involve intricate interactions between various cellular, molecular, and biochemical factors. This narrative review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the present status of therapeutic strategies for wound healing and skin regeneration. The literature review was performed using the Google Scholar search engine with the help of relevant keywords. Selected publications were used to synthesize different sections of the narrative review. The quest for innovative therapeutic approaches to accelerate wound healing and enhance skin regeneration has led to remarkable advancements in recent years. The landscape of therapeutic approaches for wound healing and skin regeneration is evolving rapidly, driven by groundbreaking discoveries and interdisciplinary collaborations. From advanced wound dressings and growth factor therapies to stem cell-based interventions and gene editing techniques, the arsenal of tools at our disposal continues to expand. As researchers continue to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying wound repair and regeneration, the potential for transformative therapies to revolutionize patient care remains immense. Through a combination of innovative technologies, personalized approaches, ethical considerations, and global accessibility, the future of wound healing holds promise for improving the lives of countless individuals worldwide. Despite significant advancements, several knowledge gaps persist in the field of wound healing and skin regeneration. Further elucidation of cellular and molecular mechanisms governing wound repair, inflammation resolution, and scar formation is warranted. Exploring the crosstalk between wound healing and the microbiome and the influence of ageing and systemic diseases will unravel new therapeutic targets and strategies. As researchers delve deeper into understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying wound repair, the development of novel therapies and their clinical translation become increasingly promising. With a multidisciplinary approach and ongoing advancements in technology, biology, and medicine, the future holds great potential for transforming the field of wound healing and skin regeneration.