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Al2O3-Cr2O3 refractories have excellent slag corrosion resistance and can adapt to the oxidation/reduction atmosphere in the smelting reduction ironmaking furnace. However, Al2O3-Cr2O3 refractories have poor mechanical properties and sintering properties. In order to improve the mechanical properties of Al2O3-Cr2O3 materials, the CaAl12O19 reinforced Al2O3-Cr2O3 composites were prepared by pressureless sintering process, and the influences of CaO content on the sintering properties, mechanical properties, and microstructure evolution of the composites were studied. The results show that a small amount of CaO can significantly improve the compactness of the composites, which is mainly due to the formed sheet-like CA6 fill the gap between the solid solutions, and reduces the porosity of the composites. In addition, the sheet-like CA6 makes the connection between solid solutions closer, and the intergranular fracture gradually transforms into a mixed mode of intergranular and transgranular fracture. The best mechanical propertie is observed at S4 with the CaO content of 2 wt.%. Compared with sample S0 without CaO, the hardness, compressive strength and flexural strength of the S4 were increased by 35.19 %, 49.69 %, and 68.34 %, respectively. The addition of excessive CaO will deteriorate the mechanical properties of the composites, because the formation of a large number of layered CA6 increases the porosity of the composites. Furthermore, a small amount of CaO addition can significantly improve the thermal shock resistance of the composites. After 10 and 20 thermal shock cycles, the strength loss rates of S4 are only 5.83 % and 8.74 %, respectively.
Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Yingyi Zhang; Jie Wang; Haobo Mao; Tianbiao Tan. Microstructure and mechanical properties of CaAl12O19 reinforced Al2O3-Cr2O3 composites. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleKunkun Cui, Tao Fu, Yingyi Zhang, Jie Wang, Haobo Mao, Tianbiao Tan. Microstructure and mechanical properties of CaAl12O19 reinforced Al2O3-Cr2O3 composites. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Yingyi Zhang; Jie Wang; Haobo Mao; Tianbiao Tan. 2021. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of CaAl12O19 reinforced Al2O3-Cr2O3 composites." Journal of the European Ceramic Society , no. : 1.
Mo and Mo-based alloys are important aerospace materials with excellent high temperature mechanical properties. However, their oxidation resistance is very poor at high temperature, and the formation of volatile MoO3 will lead to catastrophic oxidation failure of molybdenum alloy components. Extensive research on the poor oxidation problem has indicated that the halide activated pack cementation (HAPC) technology is an ideal method to solve the problem. In this work, the microstructure, oxide growth mechanism, oxidation characteristics, and oxidation mechanism of the HAPC coatings were summarized and analyzed. In addition, the merits and demerits of HPAC techniques are critically examined and the future scope of research in the domain is outlined.
Tao Fu; Kunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Jie Wang; Xu Zhang; Fuqiang Shen; Laihao Yu; Haobo Mao. Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Anti-Oxidation Coatings on Mo-Based Alloys through HAPC Process: A Review. Coatings 2021, 11, 883 .
AMA StyleTao Fu, Kunkun Cui, Yingyi Zhang, Jie Wang, Xu Zhang, Fuqiang Shen, Laihao Yu, Haobo Mao. Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Anti-Oxidation Coatings on Mo-Based Alloys through HAPC Process: A Review. Coatings. 2021; 11 (8):883.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Fu; Kunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Jie Wang; Xu Zhang; Fuqiang Shen; Laihao Yu; Haobo Mao. 2021. "Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Anti-Oxidation Coatings on Mo-Based Alloys through HAPC Process: A Review." Coatings 11, no. 8: 883.
As the most noticeable plasma-oriented material (PFM), metal tungsten is widely used in nuclear fusion reactors. However, its oxidation resistance is poor at high temperatures. When the reactor loss of cooling accident occurs, tungsten armor is oxidized and volatilized rapidly due to air enters the vacuum chamber, which will cause catastrophic nuclear leakage accidents. Relevant scholars have conducted a large number of studies, pointed out that the developments of self-passivating tungsten alloy and surface protection technology are effective ways to solve this problem. In this work, the application of various alloys and coatings in the oxidation protection of tungsten is reviewed, and their microstructure, oxidation behavior, and failure mechanism are analyzed and summarized. The development direction and trend of oxidation protection of W-based materials are prospected.
Tao Fu; Kunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Jie Wang; Fuqiang Shen; Laihao Yu; Junmao Qie; Xu Zhang. Oxidation protection of tungsten alloys for nuclear fusion applications: A comprehensive review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2021, 884, 161057 .
AMA StyleTao Fu, Kunkun Cui, Yingyi Zhang, Jie Wang, Fuqiang Shen, Laihao Yu, Junmao Qie, Xu Zhang. Oxidation protection of tungsten alloys for nuclear fusion applications: A comprehensive review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021; 884 ():161057.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Fu; Kunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Jie Wang; Fuqiang Shen; Laihao Yu; Junmao Qie; Xu Zhang. 2021. "Oxidation protection of tungsten alloys for nuclear fusion applications: A comprehensive review." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 884, no. : 161057.
Niobium (Nb)-based alloys have been extensively used in the aerospace field owing to their excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. However, the inferior oxidation resistance severely limits the application of Nb-based alloys in a high-temperature, oxygen-enriched environment. Related scholars have extensively studied the oxidation protection of niobium alloy and pointed out that surface coating technology is ideal for solving this problem. Based on the different preparation methods of Nb-based alloys’ surface coatings, this article summarizes the relevant research of domestic and foreign scholars in the past 30 years, including the slurry sintering method (SS), suspension plasma spraying method (SPS), and halide activated pack cementation method (HAPC), etc. The growth mechanism and micromorphology of the coatings access by different preparation methods are evaluated. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various coating oxidation characteristics and coating preparation approaches are summarized. Finally, the coating’s oxidation behavior and failure mechanism are summarized and analyzed, aiming to provide valuable research references in related fields.
Xu Zhang; Tao Fu; Kunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Fuqiang Shen; Jie Wang; Laihao Yu; Haobo Mao. The Protection, Challenge, and Prospect of Anti-Oxidation Coating on the Surface of Niobium Alloy. Coatings 2021, 11, 742 .
AMA StyleXu Zhang, Tao Fu, Kunkun Cui, Yingyi Zhang, Fuqiang Shen, Jie Wang, Laihao Yu, Haobo Mao. The Protection, Challenge, and Prospect of Anti-Oxidation Coating on the Surface of Niobium Alloy. Coatings. 2021; 11 (7):742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu Zhang; Tao Fu; Kunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Fuqiang Shen; Jie Wang; Laihao Yu; Haobo Mao. 2021. "The Protection, Challenge, and Prospect of Anti-Oxidation Coating on the Surface of Niobium Alloy." Coatings 11, no. 7: 742.
The hot dip silicon-plating method is considered as a promising surface coating technology. However, the correlation between the process parameters and the WSi2 coatings properties is unclear entirely. In this work, the SEM, TEM, AFM combining with EBSD methodology are applied to study the evolution behavior of surface and interface morphologies, roughness and texture of tungsten disilicide coatings. The coating mainly consists of WSi2 outer layer and W5Si3 interface layer, HDS coating presents a smooth surface and dense interface. AFM results show that the particle distribution on the coating surface is homogeneous with a small surface roughness (Ra = 124.57–422.67 nm). It is observed that at low deposition times, the surface morphologies are more homogeneous with lower surface roughness and vice versa. EBSD results show that the orientation of the columnar WSi2 grains in the coating is perpendicular to the W substrate, the grain diameter of WSi2 range from 7.45 to 10.67 μm, and has a significant preference orientation on (100) and (110) crystal planes. This is mainly attributable to the vigorous bombardment from the high energy Si ions prevents the formation of the lowest energy (111) crystal plane orientation.
Yingyi Zhang; Tao Fu; Kunkun Cui; Fuqiang Shen; Jie Wang; Laihao Yu; Haobo Mao. Evolution of surface morphology, roughness and texture of tungsten disilicide coatings on tungsten substrate. Vacuum 2021, 191, 110297 .
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Tao Fu, Kunkun Cui, Fuqiang Shen, Jie Wang, Laihao Yu, Haobo Mao. Evolution of surface morphology, roughness and texture of tungsten disilicide coatings on tungsten substrate. Vacuum. 2021; 191 ():110297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Tao Fu; Kunkun Cui; Fuqiang Shen; Jie Wang; Laihao Yu; Haobo Mao. 2021. "Evolution of surface morphology, roughness and texture of tungsten disilicide coatings on tungsten substrate." Vacuum 191, no. : 110297.
MoSi2 and Si-MoSi2 coatings were deposited on TZM alloy by using a hot dip silicon-plating method. The composite coatings mainly consist of MoSi2 and Si with a small amount of C/SiO2/ZrSi2. The composite coatings have fine MoSi2 grain size and higher surface silicon concentration. The diffusion layer mainly consists of MoSi2 layer and Mo5Si3C layer under the deposition time is 10 min. The diffusion layer is divided into three layers when the deposition time ranges from 15 to 25 min, which consists of Si-MoSi2 layer, MoSi2 layer and Mo5Si3 interface layer. The gradient structure can reduce the stress mutation between coating and the substrate, and further reduce the possibility of crack propagation. SEM and CLSM results show that a large amount of MoSi2 grains are covered by a silicon layer when the deposition time is longer than 10 min, which results in a very low coating surface roughness. And the lowest values of Sa and Sq are 0.292 and 0.391 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, about 65.375% to 79.898% of the coating surfaces are covered by silicon when the deposition time is 20 to 25 min.
Yingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Jie Wang; Fuqiang Shen; Xu Zhang; Laihao Yu. Formation of MoSi2 and Si/MoSi2 coatings on TZM (Mo–0.5Ti–0.1Zr–0.02C) alloy by hot dip silicon-plating method. Ceramics International 2021, 47, 23053 -23065.
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Kunkun Cui, Tao Fu, Jie Wang, Fuqiang Shen, Xu Zhang, Laihao Yu. Formation of MoSi2 and Si/MoSi2 coatings on TZM (Mo–0.5Ti–0.1Zr–0.02C) alloy by hot dip silicon-plating method. Ceramics International. 2021; 47 (16):23053-23065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Jie Wang; Fuqiang Shen; Xu Zhang; Laihao Yu. 2021. "Formation of MoSi2 and Si/MoSi2 coatings on TZM (Mo–0.5Ti–0.1Zr–0.02C) alloy by hot dip silicon-plating method." Ceramics International 47, no. 16: 23053-23065.
Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) has attracted more and more attention as a kind of metallurgical solid waste with huge production. How to reduce its harm to the environment and efficiently recover valuable metals such as zinc, lead and iron from its complex components to realize the comprehensive utilization of EAFD is the aim of various EAFD treatment processes. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of EAFD are discussed from the micro and macro perspectives, the microstructure, chemical composition and phase composition of EAFD in various countries are summarized in detail. According to the zinc content, EAFD can be divided into three types: high-zinc, medium-zinc and low-zinc. The results show that Fe, Ni, Cr and other elements increase with the decrease of zinc content in EAFD. Not only the zinc oxide but also abundant Fe-Ni-Cr alloy of high value can be recycled from the low-zinc EAFD, which provides guidance for EAFD treatment. At the same time, the general mechanism of direct reduction and smelting reduction pyrometallurgical processes of EAFD is expounded, and the existing pyrometallurgical processes such as rotary kiln process, rotary hearth furnace process, Primus process, ESRF process and Coke-packed bed process are summarized and compared from the aspects of energy consumption, production capacity, process flow to actual application status. In addition, the properties of directly reduced iron and zinc-rich dust obtained by pyrometallurgical processes of EAFD are also discussed. Finally, a new process of treating EAFD by combining direct reduction process and smelting reduction process is proposed to overcome the defects existing in two types of pyrometallurgical processes, and the development of preparing zinc oxide micropowder and high valued Fe-Ni-Cr alloy by pyrometallurgical process of EAFD is prospected.
Jie Wang; Yingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Jianjun Gao; Shahid Hussain; Tahani Saad AlGarni. Pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc and valuable metals from electric arc furnace dust – A review. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 298, 126788 .
AMA StyleJie Wang, Yingyi Zhang, Kunkun Cui, Tao Fu, Jianjun Gao, Shahid Hussain, Tahani Saad AlGarni. Pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc and valuable metals from electric arc furnace dust – A review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 298 ():126788.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Wang; Yingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Jianjun Gao; Shahid Hussain; Tahani Saad AlGarni. 2021. "Pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc and valuable metals from electric arc furnace dust – A review." Journal of Cleaner Production 298, no. : 126788.
Al2O3-Cr2O3 refractories are completely substitution solid solutions and can effectively resist slag erosion when used as an industrial furnace lining. In order to provide suitable chromium corundum refractory with excellent slag resistance and mechanical properties for smelting reduction ironmaking, Al2O3-Cr2O3 samples with different mass percentages (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt.%) of Cr2O3 were prepared by a normal pressure sintering process to study its sintering properties, mechanical properties, thermal shock resistance, and microstructure. The results of densification behavior showed that the introduction of Cr2O3 deteriorates the compactness, the relative density and volume shrinkage rate of the composite material decrease with the increase of the Cr2O3 content, and the apparent porosity increases accordingly. In terms of mechanical properties, the hardness, compressive strength, and flexural strength of Al2O3-Cr2O3 material decrease gradually with the increase of Cr2O3. After 10 and 20 thermal shock cycles, the flexural strengths of the samples all decreased. With the increase of Cr2O3 in these samples, the loss rate of flexural strength gradually increased. Considering the slag resistance and mechanical properties of the composite material, the Al2O3-Cr2O3 composite refractory with Cr2O3 content of 20–30% can meet the requirements of smelting reduction iron making kiln lining.
Kunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Tao Fu; Shahid Hussain; Tahani Saad Algarni; Jie Wang; Xu Zhang; Shafaqat Ali. Effects of Cr2O3 Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 Matrix Composites. Coatings 2021, 11, 234 .
AMA StyleKunkun Cui, Yingyi Zhang, Tao Fu, Shahid Hussain, Tahani Saad Algarni, Jie Wang, Xu Zhang, Shafaqat Ali. Effects of Cr2O3 Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 Matrix Composites. Coatings. 2021; 11 (2):234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Tao Fu; Shahid Hussain; Tahani Saad Algarni; Jie Wang; Xu Zhang; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Effects of Cr2O3 Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 Matrix Composites." Coatings 11, no. 2: 234.
Vanadium–titanium magnetite is one kind of important strategic resources. However, there exist some common problems in the current smelting process of vanadium–titanium magnetite. In the present paper, we propose the rotary kiln pre-reduction and bath smelting process reasonably for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite. The smelting reduction test of vanadium–titanium magnetite carbon-bearing pellet in the bath was conducted under laboratory condition, and the effect of end slag basicity, the smelting temperature, the smelting time and the amount of pulverized coal on the separation of slag–iron and the quality of hot metal were mainly investigated. The results showed that the reasonable smelting parameters for vanadium–titanium magnetite smelting of the process introduced in the paper were above 1450 °C of smelting temperature, above 0.8 of basicity of slag, 30–40 min of smelting time and 20–22% of coal addition. Nevertheless, the sulfur content of the iron particle was higher than the demand of steelmaking and it needed further desulfurization. The process is economically feasible for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite, which can recover the vanadium and titanium resources effectively.
Junmao Qie; Jianjun Gao; Yingyi Zhang; Xinyu Wan; Feng Wang. Smelting Reduction Characteristics and Mechanism of Vanadium–Titanium Magnetite Carbon-Bearing Pellet. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 2021, 74, 341 -353.
AMA StyleJunmao Qie, Jianjun Gao, Yingyi Zhang, Xinyu Wan, Feng Wang. Smelting Reduction Characteristics and Mechanism of Vanadium–Titanium Magnetite Carbon-Bearing Pellet. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals. 2021; 74 (2):341-353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunmao Qie; Jianjun Gao; Yingyi Zhang; Xinyu Wan; Feng Wang. 2021. "Smelting Reduction Characteristics and Mechanism of Vanadium–Titanium Magnetite Carbon-Bearing Pellet." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 74, no. 2: 341-353.
A coal-based direct reduction process was used to recover the ferronickel from low-grade nickel laterite ore. The effects of basicity on the compressive strength, metallization rate, microstructure, and reduction characteristics of carbon-bearing nickel laterite ore pellets were investigated. The results show that the metallization rate of iron and the compressive strength of metallized pellets follow a parabolic function with increasing basicity. The optimal reduction temperature of the rotary kiln should be controlled at 1150 °C to 1250 °C with pellet basicity of 0.56 to prevent the ring-forming phenomenon. Under optimum process conditions, the metallized pellets mainly consist of ferronickel ([Fe,Ni]), forsterite ferroan (Mg1.38Fe0.61Ca0.01SiO4), and pigeonite ((Ca0.06Mg0.68Fe0.26)SiO3). The particle size of ferronickel can reach to 30 μm with a high nickel‑chromium concentrations. The compressive strength of metallized pellets is 5220 to 7223 N·Pellet−1, and the metallization rates of iron and nickel are 95.28% to 98.45%, 94.75 to 96.33%, respectively.
Yingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Jie Wang; Xunfu Wang; Junmao Qie; Qiyan Xu; Yuanhong Qi. Effects of direct reduction process on the microstructure and reduction characteristics of carbon-bearing nickel laterite ore pellets. Powder Technology 2020, 376, 496 -506.
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Kunkun Cui, Jie Wang, Xunfu Wang, Junmao Qie, Qiyan Xu, Yuanhong Qi. Effects of direct reduction process on the microstructure and reduction characteristics of carbon-bearing nickel laterite ore pellets. Powder Technology. 2020; 376 ():496-506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Jie Wang; Xunfu Wang; Junmao Qie; Qiyan Xu; Yuanhong Qi. 2020. "Effects of direct reduction process on the microstructure and reduction characteristics of carbon-bearing nickel laterite ore pellets." Powder Technology 376, no. : 496-506.
Mullite has high creep resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity, excellent corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance, and plays an important role in traditional ceramics and advanced ceramic materials. However, the poor mechanical properties of mullite at room temperature limit its application. In order to improve the strength and toughness of mullite, the current research focuses on the modification of mullite by using the second phase. The research status of discontinuous phase (particle, whisker, and chopped fiber) and continuous fiber reinforced mullite matrix composites is introduced, including preparation process, microstructure, and its main properties. The reinforcement mechanism of second phase on mullite matrix composites is summarized, and the existing problems and the future development direction of mullite matrix composites are pointed out and discussed.
Kunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Tao Fu; Jie Wang; Xu Zhang. Toughening Mechanism of Mullite Matrix Composites: A Review. Coatings 2020, 10, 672 .
AMA StyleKunkun Cui, Yingyi Zhang, Tao Fu, Jie Wang, Xu Zhang. Toughening Mechanism of Mullite Matrix Composites: A Review. Coatings. 2020; 10 (7):672.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunkun Cui; Yingyi Zhang; Tao Fu; Jie Wang; Xu Zhang. 2020. "Toughening Mechanism of Mullite Matrix Composites: A Review." Coatings 10, no. 7: 672.
The adhesion of fine iron ore particles during fluidized bed reduction was studied using pressurized visible fluidized bed laboratory equipment. The results showed that the optimal operating parameters for pure hydrogen reduction under high pressure were reduction temperature of 1073 K, particle size of 0.18–0.66 mm, pure H2 linear velocity of 0.8 m/s, reduction pressure of 200 kPa, and reduction time of 50 min. When plastic particles were mixed into the fluidized bed, the optimal parameters were reduction temperature of 973 K, particle size of 0.18–0.66 mm, pure H2 linear velocity of 0.8 m/s, reduction pressure of 100 kPa, mass content of plastic particles of 8%, and reduction time of 65 min. The chemical reaction resistance is much higher than the inner diffusion resistance at the initial stage of the reaction, whereas, in later stage, the inner diffusion resistance exceeds the chemical reaction resistance. The contact area of iron atoms or iron whiskers gradually decreases with the increase in reduction pressure from 0.20 to 0.45 MPa, and the sticking trend gradually decreases. Adding plastic particles in the fluidized reduction process of fine iron ore can effectively inhibit the adhesion among fine iron ore particles.
Qi-Yan Xu; Zhang-Han Gu; Zhi-Ping Li; Ying-Yi Zhang; Hai-Chuan Wang. Effects of pressure and plastic addition on sticking of fine iron ore particles in fluidized bed reduction. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2020, 28, 140 -151.
AMA StyleQi-Yan Xu, Zhang-Han Gu, Zhi-Ping Li, Ying-Yi Zhang, Hai-Chuan Wang. Effects of pressure and plastic addition on sticking of fine iron ore particles in fluidized bed reduction. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2020; 28 (2):140-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi-Yan Xu; Zhang-Han Gu; Zhi-Ping Li; Ying-Yi Zhang; Hai-Chuan Wang. 2020. "Effects of pressure and plastic addition on sticking of fine iron ore particles in fluidized bed reduction." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 28, no. 2: 140-151.
The WSi2 coatings on W substrate were successfully prepared by hot dip silicon-plating (HDS) method. The surface roughness, surface and cross section morphology, and texture evolution were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscope (AFM), and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD). The FE-SEM results show that the WSi2 coatings have a good adhesion with the substrate, and no microcracks and pores are observed at the surface. AFM images show that the WSi2 coatings have a similar and homogeneous surface morphology with a granular structure and nanoscale roughness, and most of surface vertical heights are less than 600 nm. The low roughness is observed when the deposition temperature is 1470 °C to 1530 °C, the Ra and Rq are 82.1–115.6 nm and 109.1–140.3 nm, respectively. EBSD analysis indicates that the WSi2 coatings have typical {100} and {110} textures with the coating thickness of 18 to 42 μm and average grain size of 6.78 to 10.92 μm.
Yingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Qiangjian Gao; Shahid Hussain; Yan Lv. Investigation of morphology and texture properties of WSi2 coatings on W substrate based on contact-mode AFM and EBSD. Surface and Coatings Technology 2020, 396, 125966 .
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Kunkun Cui, Qiangjian Gao, Shahid Hussain, Yan Lv. Investigation of morphology and texture properties of WSi2 coatings on W substrate based on contact-mode AFM and EBSD. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2020; 396 ():125966.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Qiangjian Gao; Shahid Hussain; Yan Lv. 2020. "Investigation of morphology and texture properties of WSi2 coatings on W substrate based on contact-mode AFM and EBSD." Surface and Coatings Technology 396, no. : 125966.
Bauxite is the main source for alumina production. With the rapid development of iron and steel industry and aluminum industry, high-quality iron ore and bauxite resources become increasingly tense. However, a lot of iron-rich bauxite and Bayer red mud resources have not been timely and effectively recycled, resulting in serious problems of environmental pollution and wastage of resources. The comprehensive utilization of iron-rich bauxite and red mud is still a worldwide problem. The industrial stockpiling is not a fundamental way to solve the problems of iron-rich bauxite and red mud. As to the recovery of valuable metals from iron-rich bauxite and red mud, there are a lot of technical and cost problems, which are serious impediments to industrial development. Applying red mud as construction materials like cement, soil ameliorant applications face the problem of Na, Cr, As leaching into the environment. However, the high-temperature reduction, smelting and alkaline leaching process is a feasible method to recover iron and alumina from iron-rich bauxite and red mud. This chapter intends to provide the reader an overview on comprehensive utilization technology of the low-grade iron-rich bauxite and Bayer red mud sources.
Yingyi Zhang; Yuanhong Qi; Jiaxin Li. Aluminum Mineral Processing and Metallurgy: Iron-Rich Bauxite and Bayer Red Muds. Aluminium Alloys and Composites 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Yuanhong Qi, Jiaxin Li. Aluminum Mineral Processing and Metallurgy: Iron-Rich Bauxite and Bayer Red Muds. Aluminium Alloys and Composites. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Yuanhong Qi; Jiaxin Li. 2020. "Aluminum Mineral Processing and Metallurgy: Iron-Rich Bauxite and Bayer Red Muds." Aluminium Alloys and Composites , no. : 1.
The hot dip silicon-plating method (HDS) is used to deposit a two-layer silicide coating on tungsten substrate. The growth behavior, microstructure, and phase composition of silicide coating are investigated. The silicide coating is composed by out layer (WSi2 layer) and interfacial layer (W5Si3 layer), which have a very dense, smooth and homogenous surface microstructure. The coating surface has a higher silicon concentration (34.90 wt%) with a surface composition of WSi2-14.97 wt%Si under the deposition time is 25 min. The grain sizes and thicknesses of WSi2 coatings show a trend of gradual increase with increasing deposition time. However, the thicknesses of interfacial layers (W5Si3 layers) present a parabolic shape with increasing deposition time, which is due to the W5Si3 phase spontaneously transforms into WSi2 at high temperature with a sufficient silicon source.
Yingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Jie Wang; Junmao Qie; Xu Zhang. Synthesis WSi2 coating on W substrate by HDS method with various deposition times. Applied Surface Science 2020, 511, 145551 .
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Kunkun Cui, Tao Fu, Jie Wang, Junmao Qie, Xu Zhang. Synthesis WSi2 coating on W substrate by HDS method with various deposition times. Applied Surface Science. 2020; 511 ():145551.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Jie Wang; Junmao Qie; Xu Zhang. 2020. "Synthesis WSi2 coating on W substrate by HDS method with various deposition times." Applied Surface Science 511, no. : 145551.
With the sharp decrease of sulfide nickel resources, the nickel laterite is becoming more attractive as nickel oxide, nickel matte, and nickel-iron. This study investigated the mineral phase structure, chemical analysis, thermal properties, and element distribution characteristics of the rotten rock layer deposited in the Southeast Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt. The results show that the nickel laterite deposited in Southeast Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, belongs to the typical high-nickel and low-iron garnierite-type laterite. The concentrations of nickel and iron of the nickel laterite are 1.99 wt% and 17.55 wt%, respectively. The serpentine, olivine, clay, chlorite, hematite, and magnetite are the major minerals, and the pyroxene, actinolite, limonite, and chromite are the minor minerals in the nickel laterite in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Serpentine and olivine are the main nickel minerals with an average nickel concentration of 3.65 wt% and 1.73 wt%, respectively. The Fe and Ni have homogeneity and symbiosis in the serpentine and olivine, and their concentrations are often positively correlated.
Yingyi Zhang; Junmao Qie; Xun Fu Wang; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Jie Wang; Yuanhong Qi. Mineralogical Characteristics of the Nickel Laterite, Southeast Ophiolite Belt, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 2019, 37, 79 -91.
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Junmao Qie, Xun Fu Wang, Kunkun Cui, Tao Fu, Jie Wang, Yuanhong Qi. Mineralogical Characteristics of the Nickel Laterite, Southeast Ophiolite Belt, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 2019; 37 (1):79-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Junmao Qie; Xun Fu Wang; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Jie Wang; Yuanhong Qi. 2019. "Mineralogical Characteristics of the Nickel Laterite, Southeast Ophiolite Belt, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 37, no. 1: 79-91.
W-silicide coatings were deposited on tungsten substrate by using hot dip silicon-plating method under various temperatures. The phase composition, microstructure, and concentration distribution of elements were investigated. The results show that the W-silicide coatings consist of WSi2 layer and interface layer (W5Si3 layer), and the WSi2 coatings have a strong preferred orientation on the (211) and (206) crystal faces. The hot dip temperature has a significant effect on thicknesses and grain sizes of coatings. With the increase of hot dip temperature, the thicknesses of WSi2 layer and W5Si3 layer, and grain sizes increase obviously. Moreover, a high silicon concentration is observed at coating surface when the temperature is 1560 °C, and the highest silicon concentration is about 46 wt% (84.79 at.%).
Yingyi Zhang; Junmao Qie; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Xuelian Fan; Jie Wang; Xu Zhang. Effect of hot dip silicon-plating temperature on microstructure characteristics of silicide coating on tungsten substrate. Ceramics International 2019, 46, 5223 -5228.
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Junmao Qie, Kunkun Cui, Tao Fu, Xuelian Fan, Jie Wang, Xu Zhang. Effect of hot dip silicon-plating temperature on microstructure characteristics of silicide coating on tungsten substrate. Ceramics International. 2019; 46 (4):5223-5228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Junmao Qie; Kunkun Cui; Tao Fu; Xuelian Fan; Jie Wang; Xu Zhang. 2019. "Effect of hot dip silicon-plating temperature on microstructure characteristics of silicide coating on tungsten substrate." Ceramics International 46, no. 4: 5223-5228.
Shahid Hussain; Nabi Ullah; Yingyi Zhang; Asma Shaheen; Muhammad Sufyan Javed; Liyang Lin; Zulfiqar; Syed Bilal Shah; Guiwu Liu; Guanjun Qiao. One-step synthesis of unique catalyst [email protected] for excellent MOR performances. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 24525 -24533.
AMA StyleShahid Hussain, Nabi Ullah, Yingyi Zhang, Asma Shaheen, Muhammad Sufyan Javed, Liyang Lin, Zulfiqar, Syed Bilal Shah, Guiwu Liu, Guanjun Qiao. One-step synthesis of unique catalyst [email protected] for excellent MOR performances. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (45):24525-24533.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahid Hussain; Nabi Ullah; Yingyi Zhang; Asma Shaheen; Muhammad Sufyan Javed; Liyang Lin; Zulfiqar; Syed Bilal Shah; Guiwu Liu; Guanjun Qiao. 2019. "One-step synthesis of unique catalyst [email protected] for excellent MOR performances." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 45: 24525-24533.
Proficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) synthesized via a single-step, simple and low-temperature pyrolysis method. The mixed metal sulfide catalyst Co9S8/[email protected] shows irregular multi-shaped structure having small pores covered with carbon layers. The as-prepared Co9S8/[email protected] composites are made up of very small intermingled nanoparticles. The tiny nanoparticle contains large surface area that serves as an active-site for excellent HER performances. The Co9S8/[email protected] electrode is tested under alkaline solution performs overpotential (vs. RHE) of 0.28 V at current density of 10 mA cm−2. It exhibits a low Rct with an excellent and continuous stability for 10 h. The excellent HER performances of Co9S8/[email protected] are attributed to shape, size, and crystal structure of mixed metal sulfide and small surface pores that provide abundant active sites for electrocatalysis reaction.
Shahid Hussain; Nabi Ullah; Yingyi Zhang; Nimra Aslam; Asma Shaheen; Muhammad Sufyan Javed; Mingsong Wang; Guiwu Liu; Guanjun Qiao. Carbon encapsulated mixed-metal sulfide as proficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2019, 30, 14762 -14771.
AMA StyleShahid Hussain, Nabi Ullah, Yingyi Zhang, Nimra Aslam, Asma Shaheen, Muhammad Sufyan Javed, Mingsong Wang, Guiwu Liu, Guanjun Qiao. Carbon encapsulated mixed-metal sulfide as proficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 2019; 30 (15):14762-14771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahid Hussain; Nabi Ullah; Yingyi Zhang; Nimra Aslam; Asma Shaheen; Muhammad Sufyan Javed; Mingsong Wang; Guiwu Liu; Guanjun Qiao. 2019. "Carbon encapsulated mixed-metal sulfide as proficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 30, no. 15: 14762-14771.
The reduction process of pre-oxidized ilmenite concentrate powder in 30%CO–70%N2 atmosphere was characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis system at the temperature from 1073 to1223 K. The isothermal reduction results show that the reduction process is divided into three stages and the corresponding apparent activation energies are obtained by iso-conversional method and model-fitting method, respectively. For the first stage, the conversion degree increases sharply with increasing time, and the reduction process is controlled by the random nucleation and subsequent growth model (A2 model). For the second stage, the conversion degree increases slowly with increasing time, and the reduction process is controlled by the diffusion of carbon monoxide in the reduced layer (D1 model). For the third stage, the reduction processes at different temperatures are controlled by the diffusion of carbon monoxide in the reduced layer (1073 K and D1 model), phase boundary chemical reaction (1123 K and R2 model), random nucleation and subsequent growth (1173 to 1223 K, A2, and A3 models), respectively. For the whole reduction process, the apparent activation energies obtained by iso-conversional method and model-fitting method are 71.72 and 31.92 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Yingyi Zhang; Jie Zhao; Xiaolong Ma; Mingyang Li; Yan Lv; Xudong Gao. Isothermal Reduction Kinetics and Mechanism of Pre-oxidized Ilmenite. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 2019, 36, 825 -837.
AMA StyleYingyi Zhang, Jie Zhao, Xiaolong Ma, Mingyang Li, Yan Lv, Xudong Gao. Isothermal Reduction Kinetics and Mechanism of Pre-oxidized Ilmenite. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 2019; 36 (4):825-837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyi Zhang; Jie Zhao; Xiaolong Ma; Mingyang Li; Yan Lv; Xudong Gao. 2019. "Isothermal Reduction Kinetics and Mechanism of Pre-oxidized Ilmenite." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 36, no. 4: 825-837.