Background: Malignant Brenner tumors are rare ovarian tumors, accounting for less than 1% of malignant ovarian neoplasms. The aim of this manuscript is to systematically review the current literature concerning malignant Brenner tumors. Methods: We searched three medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for relevant articles published until 15 September 2023. Results: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 manuscripts describing 115 cases were included in this study from the English literature. Conclusions: We analyzed the demographic, clinical, pathological, and oncological characteristics of 115 patients with malignant Brenner tumors. The statistical analysis showed that recurrence was marginally statistically significantly related to tumor stage and was more common in patients with ascites and in women with abnormal CA-125 levels; patients that were treated with lymphadenectomy had better disease-specific survival.

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. Nineteen different subtypes of breast carcinomas are recognized in the current WHO classification of breast tumors. Except for these subtypes, there are a number of carcinomas with special morphologic and immunohistochemical features that are not included in the 5th WHO classification, while others are considered special morphologic patterns of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. In this manuscript, we systematically review the literature on four different subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma, namely lymphoepithelioma-like breast carcinoma, breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, signet-ring breast carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma with melanocytic differentiation. We describe their clinicopathological characteristics, focusing on the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common special type of breast carcinoma, accounting for 5–15% of all breast carcinoma cases. Its metastatic pattern differs from that of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, with ILC metastases to the peritoneum, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract being more frequent. This literature review focuses on ILC cases with metastasis to the female genital tract (FGT). Searches were conducted in medical databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using specific keywords. Inclusion criteria centered on studies presenting one or more cases of patients with ILC metastasis to the FGT and English language publications. Exclusion criteria included articles that did not present original research findings, studies with insufficient data, and publications in languages other than English. A thorough analysis of 154 results from PubMed, 56 from Scopus, and 173 from Web of Science after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the inclusion of 54 manuscripts describing 61 cases. The demographic, clinicopathological, and therapeutic aspects of ILC metastases to the FGT were reviewed and the differential diagnosis and prognosis for each anatomic location in the FGT were discussed separately. Our analysis of the data showed that the restricted mean survival time was 186 ± 30.7 months and that a negative ER on a secondary tumor was found to be linked to worse patient survival rates. Also of note is the fact that in 37.7% of cases there was involvement of multiple FGT anatomic locations and in 36% of cases there were metastases in organs or anatomic locations other than the FGT. To our knowledge, our study is the only one to describe the features of patients with secondary FGT involvement from ILC.

Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is the second most common malignancy in men globally. Signet-ring cell-like adenocarcinoma (SRCC) is a very rare PA subtype, with around 200 cases reported in the English literature. Histologically, the tumor cells show a vacuole compressing the nucleus to the periphery. Pagetoid spread in acini and ducts is usually related to metastases from urothelial or colorectal carcinomas, less commonly associated with intraductal carcinoma (IC); histologically, the tumor cells grow between the acinar secretory and basal cell layers. To our knowledge, we report the first prostatic SRCC (Gleason score 10, stage pT3b) associated with IC and pagetoid spread to prostatic acini and seminal vesicles. To our systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines), it is the first tested case for both PD-L1 (<1% of positive tumor cells, clone 22C3) and mismatch repair system proteins (MMR) (MLH1+/MSH2+/PMS2+/MSH6+). We found no SRCC previously tested for MMR, while only four previous cases showed high expression of another PD-L1 clone (28-8). Finally, we discussed the differential diagnoses of prostatic SRCC.

Breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent significant global health challenges, with CVD being the leading cause of mortality and breast cancer, showing a complex pattern of incidence and mortality. We explore the intricate interplay between these two seemingly distinct medical conditions, shedding light on their shared risk factors and potential pathophysiological connections. A specific connection between hypertension (HTN), atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI), and breast cancer was evaluated. HTN is explored in detail, emphasizing the role of aging, menopause, insulin resistance, and obesity as common factors linking HTN and breast cancer. Moreover, an attempt is made to identify the potential impact of antihypertensive medications and highlight the increased risk of breast cancer among those women, with a focus on potential mechanisms. A summary of key findings underscores the need for a multisystem approach to understanding the relationship between CVD and breast cancer is also explored with a highlight for all the gaps in current research, such as the lack of clinical observational data on MI and breast cancer in humans and the need for studies specifically designed for breast cancer. This paper concludes that there should be a focus on potential clinical applications of further investigation in this field, including personalized prevention and screening strategies for women at risk. Overall, the authors attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate connections between breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of further research in this evolving field of cardio-oncology.

A single, healthy, 44-year-old perimenopausal woman pursuing a pregnancy, employed donor embryos, resulting to a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. In the 18th week of gestation severe symptoms indicated early onset preeclampsia reporting severe hypertension (BP 180/90 mmHg), intense headaches and nausea as well as elevated 24-h urine protein levels (1.5 g/day). Concurrently diagnosis of an IUGR fetus was concluded. Standard pharmaceutical administration for treating preeclampsia was ordered. Persistence of symptoms indicated recommendation for pregnancy termination, however the patient opted against this. Selective embryo reduction was performed as the last resort prior to pregnancy termination. Following selective reduction the headaches and nausea were successfully subdued and the patient’s blood pressure was adjusted (mean BP 130/80 mmHg). This enabled further progression of pregnancy for an impressive 11 week-period, and a live birth on the 30th week. To conclude, only a few rare cases have been reported with diagnosis of early onset preeclampsia prior to the 20th week mark and none report live births. Albeit termination of pregnancy was recommended, the management of selective reduction of the IUGR fetus enabled successful treatment of preeclampsia coupled by a live birth of a healthy infant without any perinatal or postnatal complications reported.