The world’s energy demand is increasing. Wind energy plays an important role in meeting this demand. Investments in wind energy have been increasing in recent years. It can be said that the source of wind energy will be unlimited since there will be wind as long as there is sun. Most governments meet a large energy need by generating electricity from wind. At the end of 2019, the total amount of electricity generated from wind was 650 GW. Wind energy capacity is increasing with offshore wind pairs. Offshore wind turbines are a new field and research studies are ongoing. Wind turbines have the capacity to be installed anywhere in the world, and each government will have its own energy source. There is a problem of icing in wind power plants installed in cold climates. With this problem, efficiency in wind turbines decreases. Many methods have been found and developed in studies on icing problems. In this article, wind turbines were investigated, states’ perspectives on wind energy, developments and investments in wind energy, and the problem of icing were examined. Many articles in the literature have been reviewed and a solution to the icing problem of wind turbine blades has been sought.

Due to developing aviation sector, number of aircraft in the world is increasing. Along with this development, problems such as the decrease in air quality in and around the airport also arise. In this study, it is tried to calculate pollutant emissions occurring in 2022 during the LTO cycles of Denizli Çardak Airport in Turkey. These calculations are based on the information obtained from ICAO Engine Emission Data Bank and flight information published by the General Directorate of State Airports Authority (GDSAA). As a result of the data obtained, 74.64 ton/year pollutants (NOx-37.148 t/y, CO-35.398 t/y and HC-2.094 t/y) were calculated for 2022 at Denizli Çardak Airport. Of all emissions, NOx accounted for 50%, CO 47% and HC 3%. In the LTO cycle, the most fuel is burned in taxi cycle and pollutant emissions produced in this cycle are greater. With a 2 min reduction in taxi time, there will be an approximate 6.8% reduction in the total emission rate in the LTO cycle. Similarly, with a 4 min reduction in taxi time, there will be a 13.72% reduction in the whole emission rate in the LTO cycle. Unlike other studies, in this study the emission rates of various engines were compared. It has been calculated that the amount of pollutant emissions produced by the new generation Boeing 737 MAX LEAP-1B powered aircraft in LTO cycle is 25% less than the amount of pollutant emissions produced by the Airbus A320 NEO LEAP-1 A powered aircraft. The biggest factor here is that the emission of CO pollutants is less. Considering the emission rates produced by these four different engines (B737-800 CFM56-7B, A320 V2500-A1, B737 MAX LEAP-1B, A320 NEO LEAP-1 A), the Airbus A320 V2500-A1 engine is a more environmentally friendly engine than the other engines.

The amount of energy obtained from wind turbines is increasing day by day. One of the factors affecting the power output of wind turbines is blade profiles. In this study, simulations of different blade profiles (NACA 0009, NACA 2415, NACA 4415, NACA 4424, NACA 6412, NACA 6415, NACA 24112, FX 63-137, GOE 795, NREL's S824, SD 5060, SG6040) using Qblade software created, numerically analyzed and their aerodynamic performances were examined. Numerical analyzes were performed at angle of attack between 0°and 20° and Reynolds numbers of 5x104, 2x105, 1x106. Blade profiles with the highest aerodynamic efficiency were determined as NACA 6412, NACA 6415 and NACA 4415, and the power outputs and performance values obtained by creating a three-bladed wind turbine from these blade profiles were found. Maximum efficiency was obtained for these blade profiles in the tip-speed ratio range of 6.5 to 7.8. As a result, the efficiency to be obtained from the turbine will be at the optimum level by using NACA 6412, NACA 6415 and NACA 4415 blade profiles in wind turbines. Rüzgâr türbinlerinden elde edilen enerji miktarı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Rüzgâr türbinlerinin güç çıkışlarını etkileyen faktörlerden biriside kanat profilleridir. Bu çalışmada rüzgâr türbinlerinde kullanılan farklı (NACA 0009, NACA 2415, NACA 4415, NACA 4424, NACA 6412, NACA 6415, NACA 24112, FX 63-137, GOE 795, NREL's S824, SD 5060, SG6040) kanat profillerinin Qblade yazılımı kullanılarak simülasyonları oluşturulup sayısal analizleri yapılmış ve aerodinamik performansları incelenmiştir. Sayısal analizler 0°- 20° arası hücum açılarında ve 5x104, 2x105 1x106 Reynolds sayılarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. En yüksek aerodinamik verimliliğe sahip kanat profilleri NACA 6412, NACA 6415 ve NACA 4415 olarak belirlenmiş ve bu kanat profillerinden üç kanatlı rüzgâr türbini oluşturulup elde edilen güç çıkışları ve performans değerleri bulunmuştur. Bu kanat profilleri için uç-hız oranı 6.5 ila 7.8 aralığında maksimum verim alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak rüzgâr türbinlerinde NACA 6412, NACA 6415 ve NACA 4415 kanat profilleri kullanılarak türbinden alınacak verim optimum seviyede olacaktır.