Background: The effect of physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) on self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents is uncertain. Aim: To analyzed the associations of PA and PF with self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents. Sample: A total of 268 (138 boys) adolescents (13.9 +/- 0.3 years) from the DADOS study were included in the analysis. Methods: PA was evaluated using GENEActiv accelerometers and the health-related PF components by the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery. The levels of self-confidence and interpersonal relations were determined by the Behavior Assessment System for Children Level 3. Results: The associations of PA levels and PF components with self-confidence reported positive associations of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), standing long jump, and 20-m shuttle run (shuttle run test) tests (all p < 0.05), and negative association of 4 x 10-m shuttle run test (4 x 10-m test), but only the 4 x 10-m test remained significant in the adjusted model for the whole sample and only in boys (p <= 0.01) when analyzed by sex. Regarding interpersonal relations, positive associations of standing long jump and shuttle run test (all p < 0.05), and negative association of 4 x 10-m test were found in all the adolescents. The shuttle run test was associated with interpersonal relations in boys independently of confounders. PA levels were not associated with interpersonal relations. Conclusion: A higher level of lower-limb muscle strength, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness might improve self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents, but these relationships seem to be influenced by sex, body mass index, and pubertal status. Speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fitness seem to have a stronger impact on boys. MVPA may improve self-confidence in adolescents.

This research examined the association between the risk of falls and cognitive function in older individuals at risk of mild cognitive impairment. One hundred seventy-five older adults were included in 2021. Balance confidence was scored using the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), gait speed was assessed by the 4 m test, handgrip strength by a digital dynamometer, and balance by the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), The Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and The Boston Naming Test short-version questionnaires assessed global cognitive function, verbal fluency, and language, respectively. A bivariate correlation analysis and multivariate linear regressions were applied, adjusting for confounders (BMI, sex, age, and educational level). Shorter time in the TUG and greater educational status were independently associated with improved scores on the MMSE. Lower age and greater educational status were independently associated with increased phonological fluency. Better ABC and performance on the TUG and higher educational attainment were independently associated with enhanced semantic fluency. Higher education level and gait speed were independently associated with increased language (all p < 0.05). Improved physical factors, such as gait speed, grip strength, balance, and balance confidence enhanced cognitive function, particularly global cognitive function, verbal fluency, and language, in individuals over 60, with education as a potential confounder.

Background: First aid training in secondary education enhances emergency preparedness and supports public health. Despite its inclusion in many school curricula, there is no consensus on the most effective teaching methodologies. This systematic review aims to compare instructional strategies used in first aid training during Physical Education and evaluate their impact on students’ knowledge, practical skills, and confidence. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science, ERIC, DIALNET, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) were searched up to December 2024. Eligible studies were quasi-experimental or observational, involved students aged 11–18, and focused on first aid instruction within Physical Education. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Eleven studies with a total of 3069 students aged 11–18 were included. Active and technology-based methodologies outperformed traditional approaches, improving knowledge acquisition (10.2–30.5%) and practical skill development (18.6–42.3%). Long-term retention ranged from 14.2% to 45.8%, with longer interventions yielding better outcomes. Gamification, simulations, and peer learning improved CPR quality and boosted student confidence. However, most studies assessed only short-term outcomes, limiting conclusions about sustained learning. Conclusions: Active methodologies, particularly gamification, simulation, and cooperative learning, enhance knowledge retention, practical skills, and confidence in providing first aid. Although the results were consistently positive, methodological heterogeneity and limited long-term follow-up reduce their generalizability. Further high-quality, longitudinal research is needed to identify the most effective and sustainable strategies. These findings support integrating first aid training into Physical Education as a public health initiative to strengthen emergency preparedness in schools.

Background: Cancer’s rising incidence and growing survivor population underscore the need for strategies to enhance health and quality of life. Outdoor physical activity (PA) settings may provide unique benefits, yet evidence in this context is scarce. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of outdoor PA and exercise interventions on the health and well-being of cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases from their inception until April 23, 2024. Studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs involving outdoor PA or exercise interventions for cancer survivors. The search strategy adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and the quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Twelve studies involving 712 cancer survivors were included, comprising 7 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs. Four studies compared outdoor exercise to indoor exercise instead of a usual care control group, and one used a crossover design. The interventions varied in frequency, intensity, time, and type, with Nordic walking and walking being the most common. Key findings indicated significant improvements in mental health, PA levels, muscular fitness, body composition, and exercise motivation. However, the impact on vital signs and sleep quality was inconclusive due to the limited number of studies and variability in interventions. Conclusions: Outdoor PA, including structured exercise interventions, substantially benefits cancer survivors, particularly in enhancing mental health and physical fitness. Despite the promising findings, further research is needed to explore long-term effects, the benefits for different cancer types and age groups, and the underlying mechanisms of these interventions. Health practitioners should consider incorporating outdoor activities into cancer rehabilitation programs. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42024545392.

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified depression due to isolation and reduced physical activity, highlighting the need for accessible remote treatments. The SONRIE study evaluates the effectiveness of a 12-week online intervention combining physical exercise and internet-based cognitive–behavioral therapy on depressive symptoms in adults with mild-to-moderate depression. This randomized controlled trial involved 80 adults aged 25–65 years diagnosed with depression according to the ICD-10 criteria. Participants were randomized to an experimental group receiving the combined online intervention or to a control group receiving standard care. The primary outcome was the change in depression severity, assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, with outcomes measured at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and after an 8-week follow-up phase. Statistical analyses include analysis of covariance to compare group changes over time, with effect sizes quantifying the intervention’s impact. The SONRIE study demonstrates a promising online approach for treating depression, with potential implications for clinical practice and public health strategies.