Heat pipes are one of the most preferred equipment because they have a variety of superior specifications. In this paper, the improvement of heat transfer properties of a thermosyphon heat pipe that was filled with bauxite nanofluid was experimentally investigated for different nanoparticle concentrations (1%, 2%, and 4%) and surfactant types (Triton X-100 and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate). Bauxite nanoparticles at different concentrations were utilized for the preparation of nanofluid suspensions. Different kinds of surfactants were also doped into the prepared nanofluid suspensions to show off how a surfactant affects the thermophysical properties of the nanofluid. The experiments were done under several heating powers and various mass flow rates of the cooling water circulating on the evaporator section. Temperature distributions both upon the evaporator and the condenser sections were recorded via 8 different K type thermocouples. Cooling water inlet and exit temperatures were also recorded and utilized for theoretical calculations. For doing an experimental comparison, thermal efficiency and resistance of the thermosyphon heat pipe were determined both for distilled water and prepared nanofluid suspensions. Moreover, contact angle-wettability analysis was carried out to determine how nanoparticles affect the surface tension. The encountered problems during the tests were addressed and discussed. The obtained experimental data illustrated that the thermosyphon heat pipe efficiency was increased by up to 20.9% with the usage of a 2% (mass) concentration of bauxite nanofluid and an anionic surfactant. The maximum enhancement in heat pipe’s thermal resistance was found as 24.3%, through bauxite nanofluid usage.