Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of dorzolamide hydrochloride 2%/timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (DTFC) with latanoprost 0.005%/timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (LTFC) on diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: Thirty-three primary open-angle glaucoma patients with IOP of 22–32 mmHg measured at any time were included. Patients were randomized to either DTFC twice daily or latanoprost 0.005%/timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (LTFC) once a day in the evening. After a 6-week treatment period with each combination, IOP were measured every 4 h during 24 h (first diurnal curve) and after 6 weeks of washout period, the patients were switched to the other treatment for 6 weeks of the second diurnal curve. Results: The mean baseline IOP was 25.09±2.8 mmHg. After the treatment period, mean diurnal IOP was statistically lower with LTFC (16.3 mmHg) than with DTFC (17.3 mmHg), and the peak IOP value was 18.5 mmHg with LTFC and 19.9±2.6 mmHg with DTFC (P<0.05). No significant side effects were reported except stinging and bitter taste with the DTFC group. Conclusion: Mean diurnal IOP and peak IOP were lower with LTFC than with DTFC in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Background/Objectives: To investigate the effect of strabismus surgery on ocular surface parameters, meibomian glands, and conjunctival impression cytology. Methods: Preoperative and postoperative (10th day, first month, and third month) tear break-up time (TBUT) tests, Schirmer 1 tests, corneal staining scores (CSS), meibomian gland (MG) loss rates, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, and conjunctival impression cytology (IC) results of 30 patients who underwent strabismus surgery were compared. Results: Significant differences were found between preoperative TBUT test results and those evaluated on the postoperative 10th day and at the postoperative first month (p < 0.0001 for both). There were also significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative first- and third-month Schirmer 1 test results (p = 0.02 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, mean OSDI scores significantly differed between preoperative and postoperative 10th-day measurements (p < 0.0001). The mean postoperative 10th-day CSS was found to be significantly higher than the preoperative mean CSS (p < 0.0001). The stages in preoperative conjunctival IC samples were found to be significantly lower than those evaluated at all postoperative times (p < 0.0001 for all). Significant differences were observed between the preoperative lower eyelid MG loss rate and all postoperative MG loss rates (p < 0.0001 for the 10th day and first month and p < 0.001 for the third month). Lastly, the preoperative upper eyelid MG loss rate significantly differed from all postoperative MG loss rates (p < 0.0001 for the 10th day, p < 0.003 for the first month, and p < 0.0001 for the third month). Conclusions: We observed changes indicative of dry eye in the mean OSDI score, TBUT, Schirmer 1 test, MG loss rates, and conjunctival IC findings up to the postoperative third month in patients who underwent strabismus surgery. Therefore, we believe that patients undergoing strabismus surgery should be followed up for ocular surface diseases, particularly dry eye.

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the meibomian gland (MG) morphology and ocular surface parameters of children with atopic dermatitis (AD) without ocular symptoms. Materials and Method: Forty-five eyes of 24 children with AD and 44 eyes of 27 healthy children were included in the study. Upper and lower eyelid meibography measurements were performed for all cases and the rate of MG loss and the amount of tortuosity were evaluated. A Schirmer 1 test, tear break-up time (TBUT) test, and corneal staining scoring (CSS) were applied to all cases. Results: MG loss in the upper eyelid was 15.51 ± 10.39% in the AD group, while it was 9.30 ± 5.30% in the control group (p = 0.002). MG loss in the lower eyelid was 15.79 ± 10.93% in the AD group, while it was 9.23 ± 6.90% in the control group (p = 0.002). The rate of tortuosity in 26–50% of the upper and lower eyelid MGs was significantly higher in the AD group than in the healthy control group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007, respectively). The Schirmer 1 test values were 10.98 ± 3.89 in the AD group and 17.41 ± 3.73 in the healthy control group (p < 0.0001). The TBUT values were found to be 9.18 ± 1.99 in the AD group and 11.40 ± 1.82 in the healthy control group (p < 0.0001). The CSS result was found to be significantly higher in the AD group than in the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Significant MG loss was detected in patients with AD without eye complaints, which may cause the early deterioration of ocular surface parameters. We believe that close follow-up examinations of children with AD in terms of ocular surface complications may be necessary.

Pur po se: Our aim was to evaluate the preocular tear film in patients who had acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) caused by\ud coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v).\ud Ma te ri als and Met hod: Seventy-six patients having AHC caused by CVA24v were enrolled in this study. An AHC outbreak was seen in\ud Istanbul during August and September 2010 and lasted for four weeks. All the patients were seen at the first days of their disease period and\ud none of them had received any treatment before. Conjunctival swab specimens were taken from the patients at their first visit. Tear film tests\ud including Schirmer test, tear meniscus height measurement and tear break-up time (TBUT) were done in all patients.\ud Re sults: The mean age of the patients was 27.8 years (range: 7-68 years). Forty patients were male (53%) and 36 patients were female\ud (47%). In bilateral conjunctivitis cases, the mean Schirmer test result was 23.7±4.7 mm, mean TBUT was 15.1±2.4 seconds and the mean\ud tear meniscus height was 0.37±0.06 mm. In unilateral conjunctivitis cases, the mean Schirmer test result was 24.4±3.6 mm, mean TBUT\ud was 15.1±2.3 seconds and the mean tear meniscus height was 0.38±0.07 mm in the diseased eyes.\ud Dis cus si on: The results of the routine preocular tear film tests did not differ in AHC caused by CVA24v when compared with healthy\ud eyes. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 186-9

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited diseases in which abnormalities in the photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) of the retina cause progressive vision loss over time. Currently, there are nearly 100 genes reported to be associated with RP. Genetic testing has become indispensable in the diagnosis and management of RP due to the clinical variability of the disease, phenotypic similarity with many inherited retinal dystrophies, the approval of gene therapy for RPE65-related inherited retinal dystrophies, and ongoing studies for a number of genes. Genetic testing also provides the most accurate information on prognosis, screening for the patient's family and subsequent generations, and facilitates genetic counseling. Although RP is the most common cause of inherited retinal dystrophies, a clear treatment modality has yet to be defined. In this review, we will describe genetic diagnostic methods and different treatment protocols in retinitis pigmetosa with their advantages and disadvantages.