Quinazoline, a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, offers promising potential in the synthesis of anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drugs. This heterocyclic compound, characterized by its fused benzene and pyrimidine rings, enables the design of multifunctional agents targeting AD pathology. The drug-like aspects and pharmaceutical features of quinazoline derivatives have the potential to give rise to various therapeutic drugs. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by memory decline, cognitive deterioration, and language disorders. Given its complexity and multifaceted nature, there is a pressing need to discover multi-target drugs to effectively address this debilitating disorder. A comprehensive literature review has demonstrated that quinazoline derivatives exhibit a wide range of therapeutic potential for AD. These compounds function as inhibitors of cholinesterases, β-amyloid aggregation, oxidative stress, and tau protein, among other protective effects. Here, we highlight the most significant and recent research on quinazoline-based anti-AD agents, aiming to support the development and discovery of novel treatments for AD.

A method was developed for the simultaneous determination and analysis of sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil in honey-mixed herbal sachets using high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector (HPLC–UV). This method eliminates the employment of complex procedures and abolishes time-consuming and labour-intensive pre-treatment processes. In ten minutes, the separation process (at 25oC) of sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil using a C18 150 mm × 4.6 mm x 5 μm column (Shim-pack GIST) was successful with high selectivity and sensitivity. The mobile phase was a 60:40 (v/v) mixture of 0.1 percent formic acid in water and 0.1 percent formic acid in acetonitrile. Using the mobile phase as an extraction mixture, it gave recoveries in the range of 93.0-103.3% at spike levels of 50–150 mg/kg with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 10%. The intra-day and inter-day precision results were in the range of 0.4–0.8% and 1.0–1.7%. Furthermore, the retention times for sildenafil acid, vardenafil acid, and tadalafil were 1.93, 2.47, and 9.62 minutes, respectively, and the limits of detection (LOD) were 1.70, 2.16, and 1.03 mg/L, while the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 5.65, 7.21, and 3.42 mg/L.

A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector (HPLC-UV) was developed for the simultaneous determination of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and natamycin in yogurt. The method does not require time-consuming, labor-intensive pre-treatment processes or complicated procedures. Using a C18 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.0 µm column (Roc) at 25 °C, the target analytes were separated within 5 minutes with high sensitivity and selectivity. The mobile phase consisted of trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) in water containing 100 mM sodium acetate, trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) in acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) in tetrahydrofuran, in a ratio of 70:20:10 (v/v). Using this mobile phase as an extraction mixture, recoveries ranged from 83.0% to 110.2% at spike levels between 2.5 µg/kg and 80.0 µg/kg. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for these recoveries were below 10%. Intra-day precision and inter-day precision varied from 5.3% to 6.7% and 7.6% to 9.2%, respectively. Additionally, the limits of detection (LOD) were between 0.24 and 0.61 mg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.80 to 2.0 mg/L for sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and natamycin. Principal component analysis revealed that yogurt type had the greatest positive influence on preservative concentration, while the weight or volume of the yogurt package had the greatest negative influence.

أصبح التسمم الغذائي بالهستامين، وهو حمض أميني حيوي يتشكل نتيجة نزع كربوكسيل الهيستيدين بواسطة بكتيريا نزع الكربوكسيل في الأسماك والمنتجات السمكية، مشكلة أمنية في مجال سلامة الأغذية. في هذه الدراسة، تم تحديد تركيز الهستامين في منتجات الأسماك المختلفة التي تم الحصول عليها في السوق الأردني ولكن تم تصنيعها في بلدان مختلفة باستخدام مقايسة الامتصاص المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم ((ELISA، باستخدام مجموعة ELISA وبروتوكول مقدم من Veratox للهستامين. تم الكشف عن الهستامين في حوالي 93.69% من العينات، بحيث تراوحت الكمية بين 0.317 و230.41 ملغم/كغم، مع تجاوز 0.9% فقط من عينات الأسماك الحد الأقصى المسموح به الذي حدده الاتحاد الأوروبي و4.5% فقط من هذه العينات كانت خالية من الهستامين. أظهر تحليل المكونات الرئيسية (PCA) أن المتغير الخاص بنوع الأسماك أدى الى أعلى مصدر للتباين (31.2%)، وهو عامل مهم في تحديد مستوى تركيز الهستامين. ولوحظ أيضا تباين أقل في المتغير الخاص بوزن العينات (20.2%) وبالتالي كان له تأثير ضئيل أو معدوم على تركيز الهستامين في عينات الأسماك. Food poisoning from histamine, a biogenic amine formed due to the decarboxylation of histidine by bacteria in fish and fish products, has become a pivotal concern in food safety. This study measured the concentration of histamine in various fish products available in the Jordanian market, but manufactured in multiple countries, utilizing an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The ELISA kit and the protocol were provided by Veratox for histamine. Approximately 93.69% of the samples tested positive for the presence of histamine, with levels ranging between 0.317 and 230.41 mg/kg. Solely 0.9% of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible level established by the European Union...