Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread contributor to chronic liver disease globally. A recent consensus on renaming liver disease was established, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD, was chosen as the replacement for NAFLD. The disease’s range extends from the less severe MASLD, previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), to the more intense metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and apoptosis. This research project endeavors to comprehensively synthesize the most recent studies on MASLD, encompassing a wide spectrum of topics such as pathophysiology, risk factors, dietary influences, lifestyle management, genetics, epigenetics, therapeutic approaches, and the prospective trajectory of MASLD, particularly exploring its connection with organoids.

Anencephaly is a fatal neural tube defect often linked to folic acid deficiency and undetected in resource-limited settings. We report a case in rural Uganda where portable ultrasound revealed anencephaly with polyhydramnios in a patient who has been pregnant six times, with one term delivery, four preterm deliveries, and no abortions, and currently has one living child (G6P1401). Early detection of this anomaly enabled surgical planning and maternal counseling before stillbirth. This case highlights the impact of malnutrition and the importance of portable ultrasound use to improve prenatal care in underserved regions of the world.

Arnica montana is a popular herbal supplement used to minimize bruising, swelling, and discomfort after surgery, but evidence of its efficacy remains inconsistent across surgical specialties. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Trip Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov on June 13, 2025, for studies evaluating perioperative A. montana (oral or topical) in human surgical patients with reported postoperative outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2 for randomized trials, and results were synthesized narratively with subgroup analysis by specialty. Of 266 records identified, 27 studies met inclusion criteria, with plastic surgery accounting for the largest proportion (n = 10), followed by orthopaedics (n = 5), breast surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, hand surgery, otolaryngology, vascular surgery, general surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, and urology. Across all specialties, 55.6% (n = 15) of studies reported measurable benefit from A. montana, 33.3% (n = 9) found no significant effect, and 11.1% (n = 3) were ongoing trials without published results. Plastic surgery demonstrated the highest proportion of reported benefit, while evidence in other specialties was mixed. Overall, A. montana shows moderate potential as an adjunct in postoperative recovery, particularly in plastic surgery, but inconsistency across trials highlights the need for standardization of dosing, administration route, and outcome measurement. Further high-quality randomized studies are warranted to clarify its role in surgical recovery protocols.