We report on the optoelectronic characteristics of p -NiO/ n -Si heterojunction photodiode for broadband photodetection, fabricated by depositing a p -type NiO thin film onto a commercial n -type silicon substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The structural properties of the PLD-grown p -NiO material were analysed by means of x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirming its crystalline nature and revealing the presence of Ni vacancies, respectively. Hall measurements confirmed the p -type semiconducting nature of the NiO thin film having a carrier concentration of 8.4 × 10 ¹⁶ cm ⁻³ . The current–voltage ( I–V ) characteristics of the p -NiO/ n -Si heterojunction photodevice were investigated under different wavelengths ranging from UV to NIR. The self-bias properties under different illuminations of light were also explored systematically. Under self-bias condition, the photodiode exhibits excellent responsivities of 12.5 mA W ⁻¹ , 24.6 mA W ⁻¹ and 30.8 mA W ⁻¹ with illumination under 365 nm, 485 nm, and 850 nm light, respectively. In addition, the time dependency of the photoresponse of the fabricated photodevice has also been investigated and discussed thoroughly.

In this research, the significance of particle reinforcement and the effect of wire materials on machining of AA6061-TiB ₂ composite by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) was investigated. Stir cast AA6061–TiB ₂ (varying 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) was used as the work material for this present study owing to its superior mechanical properties and profound applications. WEDM is the most viable cutting process to produce intricate shapes and sharp corners with good surface texture. Taguchi methodology was used to conduct the experiments. Phase constituents of the work material were observed using XRD analysis. The results revealed that aluminium and titanium diboride are the major phase constituents without any reaction phases. Metallographic analysis was conducted to figure out the erosion mechanism and crater formation during spark discharge. The experimentation reveals that the percentage of particle reinforcement was the dominating factor in surface quality (62.04%) and machinability (34.2%). The TiB ₂ (5 wt.%) reinforced composite exhibits excellent machinability and surface quality. Furthermore, in terms of machining rate, zinc-coated brass wire performs better than plain brass wire. Contrastingly, plain brass wire exhibits superior surface quality. In addition to that multi-objective optimization was performed using desirability analysis to achieve higher material removal rate and lower surface roughness. After the confirmation test, it is seen that the experimental values are in close agreement with the estimated values.

The current experimental work focuses on determining the optimum machining parameter combination for machining AA7068 in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). WEDM is a promising advanced machining technology, capable of processing complex-shaped components, machining hard/heat treated materials, and cutting conductive ceramics that are complicated to machine using traditional methods. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array is adopted to conduct the experiments by considering dielectric medium, pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, gap voltage, and wire feed as input factors. The output responses like surface roughness, material removal rate, micro hardness, recast layer, surface morphology of the machined surfaces and wire tool were considered for study. The ANOVA method was used to analyse the impact of individual processing parameters on material removal rate and surface roughness. Microhardness of the cut surface was studied using Vicker’s method. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis are conducted to examine the surface characteristics and elemental composition of the machined working piece at various cutting parameters (EDX). TOPSIS method is chosen to identify the optimal parametric conditions. From the results, the optimum condition achieves surface roughness (3.684 μ m) and material removal rate (5.106 mm ³ min ⁻¹ ) respectively.

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state processing technique used to refine the microstructures of metallic alloys. It involves inserting a rotating tool into the material, which generates heat and plastic deformation, leading to the recrystallization and refinement of the microstructure. The aluminium alloy 7050 is a high-strength alloy possessing good corrosion resistance, and is commonly used in aerospace applications. By incorporating SiC particles into the alloy with different percentiles of 0 to 1%, the resulting composite can have improved mechanical properties, such as higher strength and stiffness, as well as increased wear resistance. Mechanical testing and optical metallographic characterization were conducted. The test results showed that weldments have improved mechanical properties compared to the base material, making them suitable for high-strength and low-weight applications.