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Sales of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals have increased during the pandemic due to their perceived “immune-boosting” effects. However, little is known about the efficacy of these dietary supplements and nutraceuticals against the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) or the disease that it causes, CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Ronan Lordan; Halie M. Rando; Casey S. Greene. Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals under Investigation for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment. mSystems 2021, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleRonan Lordan, Halie M. Rando, Casey S. Greene. Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals under Investigation for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment. mSystems. 2021; 6 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan; Halie M. Rando; Casey S. Greene. 2021. "Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals under Investigation for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment." mSystems 6, no. 3: 1.
Chloe Matthews; Paul D Cotter; Jim O' Mahony. MAP, Johne's disease and the microbiome; current knowledge and future considerations. 2021, 3, 34 .
AMA StyleChloe Matthews, Paul D Cotter, Jim O' Mahony. MAP, Johne's disease and the microbiome; current knowledge and future considerations. . 2021; 3 (1):34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChloe Matthews; Paul D Cotter; Jim O' Mahony. 2021. "MAP, Johne's disease and the microbiome; current knowledge and future considerations." 3, no. 1: 34.
The open innovation hub Digital Health and Patient Safety Platform (DHPSP) was recently established with the purpose to invigorate collaborative scientific research and the development of new digital products and personalized solutions aiming to improve human health and patient safety. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a Twitter-based campaign centered on using the hashtag #DHPSP to promote the visibility of the DHPSP initiative. Thus, tweets containing #DHPSP were monitored for five weeks for the period 20.10.2020-24.11.2020 and were analyzed with Symplur Signals (social media analytics tool). In the study period, a total of 11,005 tweets containing #DHPSP were posted by 3,020 Twitter users, generating 151,984,378 impressions. Analysis of the healthcare stakeholder-identity of the Twitter users who used #DHPSP revealed that the most of participating user accounts belonged to individuals or doctors, with the top three user locations being the United States (501 users), the United Kingdom (155 users), and India (121 users). Analysis of co-occurring hashtags and the full text of the posted tweets further revealed that the major themes of attention in the #DHPSP Twitter-community were related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medicine and health, digital health technologies, and science communication in general. Overall, these results indicate that the #DHPSP initiative achieved high visibility and engaged a large body of Twitter users interested in the DHPSP focus area. Moreover, the conducted campaign resulted in an increase of DHPSP member enrollments and website visitors, and new scientific collaborations were formed. Thus, Twitter campaigns centered on a dedicated hashtag prove to be a highly efficient tool for visibility-promotion, which could be successfully utilized by healthcare-related open innovation platforms or initiatives.
Maria Kletecka-Pulker; Himel Mondal; Dongdong Wang; R. Gonzalo Parra; Abdulkadir Yusif Maigoro; Soojin Lee; Tushar Garg; Eoghan J. Mulholland; Hari Prasad Devkota; Bikramjit Konwar; Sourav S. Patnaik; Ronan Lordan; Faisal A. Nawaz; Christos Tsagkaris; Rehab A. Rayan; Anna Maria Louka; Ronita De; Pravin Badhe; Eva Schaden; Harald Willschke; Mathias Maleczek; Hemanth Kumar Boyina; Garba M. Khalid; Sahab Uddin; Sanusi; Johra Khan; Joy I. Odimegwu; Andy Wai Kan Yeung; Faizan Akram; Chandragiri Siva Sai; Sherri Bucher; Shravan Kumar Paswan; Rajeev K. Singla; Bairong Shen; Sara Di Lonardo; Anela Tosevska; Jesus Simal-Gandara; Manja Zec; Elena González-Burgos; Marija Habijan; Maurizio Battino; Francesca Giampieri; Aleksei Tikhonov; Danila Cianciosi; Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernandez; José L. Quiles; Bruno Mezzetti; Smith B. Babiaka; Mosa E. O. Ahmed; Paula Piccard; Mágali S. Urquiza; Jennifer R. Depew; Fabien Schultz; Daniel Sur; Sandeep R. Pai; Mihnea-Alexandru Găman; Merisa Cenanovic; Nikolay T. Tzvetkov; Surya Kant Tripathi; Kiran R. Kharat; Alfonso T. Garcia-Sosa; Simon Sieber; Atanas G. Atanasov. Impacts of biomedical hashtag-based Twitter campaign: #DHPSP utilization for promotion of open innovation in digital health, patient safety, and personalized medicine. Current Research in Biotechnology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMaria Kletecka-Pulker, Himel Mondal, Dongdong Wang, R. Gonzalo Parra, Abdulkadir Yusif Maigoro, Soojin Lee, Tushar Garg, Eoghan J. Mulholland, Hari Prasad Devkota, Bikramjit Konwar, Sourav S. Patnaik, Ronan Lordan, Faisal A. Nawaz, Christos Tsagkaris, Rehab A. Rayan, Anna Maria Louka, Ronita De, Pravin Badhe, Eva Schaden, Harald Willschke, Mathias Maleczek, Hemanth Kumar Boyina, Garba M. Khalid, Sahab Uddin, Sanusi, Johra Khan, Joy I. Odimegwu, Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Faizan Akram, Chandragiri Siva Sai, Sherri Bucher, Shravan Kumar Paswan, Rajeev K. Singla, Bairong Shen, Sara Di Lonardo, Anela Tosevska, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Manja Zec, Elena González-Burgos, Marija Habijan, Maurizio Battino, Francesca Giampieri, Aleksei Tikhonov, Danila Cianciosi, Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernandez, José L. Quiles, Bruno Mezzetti, Smith B. Babiaka, Mosa E. O. Ahmed, Paula Piccard, Mágali S. Urquiza, Jennifer R. Depew, Fabien Schultz, Daniel Sur, Sandeep R. Pai, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, Merisa Cenanovic, Nikolay T. Tzvetkov, Surya Kant Tripathi, Kiran R. Kharat, Alfonso T. Garcia-Sosa, Simon Sieber, Atanas G. Atanasov. Impacts of biomedical hashtag-based Twitter campaign: #DHPSP utilization for promotion of open innovation in digital health, patient safety, and personalized medicine. Current Research in Biotechnology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kletecka-Pulker; Himel Mondal; Dongdong Wang; R. Gonzalo Parra; Abdulkadir Yusif Maigoro; Soojin Lee; Tushar Garg; Eoghan J. Mulholland; Hari Prasad Devkota; Bikramjit Konwar; Sourav S. Patnaik; Ronan Lordan; Faisal A. Nawaz; Christos Tsagkaris; Rehab A. Rayan; Anna Maria Louka; Ronita De; Pravin Badhe; Eva Schaden; Harald Willschke; Mathias Maleczek; Hemanth Kumar Boyina; Garba M. Khalid; Sahab Uddin; Sanusi; Johra Khan; Joy I. Odimegwu; Andy Wai Kan Yeung; Faizan Akram; Chandragiri Siva Sai; Sherri Bucher; Shravan Kumar Paswan; Rajeev K. Singla; Bairong Shen; Sara Di Lonardo; Anela Tosevska; Jesus Simal-Gandara; Manja Zec; Elena González-Burgos; Marija Habijan; Maurizio Battino; Francesca Giampieri; Aleksei Tikhonov; Danila Cianciosi; Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernandez; José L. Quiles; Bruno Mezzetti; Smith B. Babiaka; Mosa E. O. Ahmed; Paula Piccard; Mágali S. Urquiza; Jennifer R. Depew; Fabien Schultz; Daniel Sur; Sandeep R. Pai; Mihnea-Alexandru Găman; Merisa Cenanovic; Nikolay T. Tzvetkov; Surya Kant Tripathi; Kiran R. Kharat; Alfonso T. Garcia-Sosa; Simon Sieber; Atanas G. Atanasov. 2021. "Impacts of biomedical hashtag-based Twitter campaign: #DHPSP utilization for promotion of open innovation in digital health, patient safety, and personalized medicine." Current Research in Biotechnology , no. : 1.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel contagion that has infected over 113 million people worldwide. It is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has cost the lives of 2.5 million people. Ergo, the global scientific community has been scrambling to repurpose or develop therapeutics to treat COVID-19. Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals are among those under consideration due to the link between nutritional status and patient outcomes. Overall, poor vitamin D status seems to be associated with an increased risk of COVID-19. Severely ill COVID-19 patients appear to be deficient or have suboptimal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a measure of vitamin D status. Consequently, vitamin D is now the subject of several prophylactic and therapeutic clinical trials. In this review, the general status of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements amid the pandemic is appraised, with a particular focus on vitamin D. Consumers should be aware of misinformation and unsubstantiated promises for products marketed for COVID-19 protection. However, maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle will likely maintain health including optimum immune function that may affect patient outcomes. Those who are deficient in key nutrients such as vitamin D should consider lifestyle changes and potentially supplementation in consultation with their physician and/or registered dieticians.
Ronan Lordan. Notable Developments for Vitamin D Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, but Caution Warranted Overall: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021, 13, 740 .
AMA StyleRonan Lordan. Notable Developments for Vitamin D Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, but Caution Warranted Overall: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (3):740.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan. 2021. "Notable Developments for Vitamin D Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, but Caution Warranted Overall: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 13, no. 3: 740.
Several bioactives from fruit juices and beverages like phenolics, nucleotides and polar lipids (PL) have exhibited anti-platelet cardio-protective properties. However, apple juice and cider lipid bioactives have not been evaluated so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects and structure activity relationships of Irish apple juice and Real Irish cider lipid bioactives against the platelet-activating factor (PAF)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-related thrombotic and inflammatory manifestations in human platelets. Total Lipids (TL) were extracted from low, moderate and high in tannins apple juices and from their derived-through-fermentation cider products, as well as from commercial apple juice and cider. These were separated into neutral lipids (NL) and PL, while all lipid extracts were further assessed for their ability to inhibit aggregation of human platelets induced by PAF and ADP. In all cases, PL exhibited the strongest anti-platelet bioactivities and were further separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis into PL subclasses/fractions that were also assessed for their antiplatelet potency. The PL from low in tannins apple juice exhibited the strongest antiplatelet effects against PAF and ADP, while PL from its fermented cider product were less active. Moreover, the phosphatidylcholines (PC) in apple juices and the phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in apple ciders were the most bioactive HPLC-derived PL subclasses against PAF-induced platelet aggregation. Structural elucidation of the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography mass spectra (GCMS) analysis showed that PL from all samples are rich in beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), providing a possible explanation for their strong anti-platelet properties, while the favorable low levels of their omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) PUFA ratio, especially for the bioactive PC and PE subclasses, further support an anti-inflammatory cardio-protective potency for these apple products. In conclusion, Irish apple juice and Real Irish cider were found to possess bioactive PL compounds with strong antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties, while fermentation seems to be an important modulating factor on their lipid content, structures and bioactivities. However, further studies are needed to evaluate these effects.
Alexandros Tsoupras; Donal Moran; Hayley Pleskach; Maria Durkin; Con Traas; Ioannis Zabetakis. Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives. Foods 2021, 10, 412 .
AMA StyleAlexandros Tsoupras, Donal Moran, Hayley Pleskach, Maria Durkin, Con Traas, Ioannis Zabetakis. Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives. Foods. 2021; 10 (2):412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandros Tsoupras; Donal Moran; Hayley Pleskach; Maria Durkin; Con Traas; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2021. "Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives." Foods 10, no. 2: 412.
Microalgae are at the start of the food chain, and many are known producers of a significant amount of lipids with essential fatty acids. However, the bioactivity of microalgal lipids for anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities have rarely been investigated. Therefore, for a sustainable source of the above bioactive lipids, the present study was undertaken. The total lipids of microalga Chlorococcum sp., isolated from the Irish coast, were fractionated into neutral-, glyco-, and phospho-lipids, and were tested in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities. All tested lipid fractions showed strong anti-platelet-activating factor (PAF) and antithrombin activities in human platelets (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging ~25–200 μg of lipid) with the highest activities in glyco- and phospho-lipid fractions. The structural analysis of the bioactive lipid fraction-2 revealed the presence of specific sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDG) bioactive molecules and the HexCer-t36:2 (t18:1/18:1 and 18:2/18:0) cerebrosides with a phytosphingosine (4-hydrosphinganine) base, while fraction-3 contained bioactive phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules. These novel bioactive lipids of Chlorococcum sp. with putative health benefits may indicate that marine microalgae can be a sustainable alternative source for bioactive lipids production for food supplements and nutraceutical applications. However, further studies are required towards the commercial technology pathways development and biosafety analysis for the use of the microalga.
Katie Shiels; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ronan Lordan; Constantina Nasopoulou; Ioannis Zabetakis; Patrick Murray; Sushanta Kumar Saha. Bioactive Lipids of Marine Microalga Chlorococcum sp. SABC 012504 with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-thrombotic Activities. Marine Drugs 2021, 19, 28 .
AMA StyleKatie Shiels, Alexandros Tsoupras, Ronan Lordan, Constantina Nasopoulou, Ioannis Zabetakis, Patrick Murray, Sushanta Kumar Saha. Bioactive Lipids of Marine Microalga Chlorococcum sp. SABC 012504 with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-thrombotic Activities. Marine Drugs. 2021; 19 (1):28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatie Shiels; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ronan Lordan; Constantina Nasopoulou; Ioannis Zabetakis; Patrick Murray; Sushanta Kumar Saha. 2021. "Bioactive Lipids of Marine Microalga Chlorococcum sp. SABC 012504 with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-thrombotic Activities." Marine Drugs 19, no. 1: 28.
Fish contains bioactive polar lipids (PL) and is mainly consumed cooked. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics of sous-vide cooked salmon and the in vitro cardio-protective properties of its PL. PL were extracted from brined and un-brined sous-vide preparations in 52 °C, 65 °C, and 80 °C, while their antithrombotic cardio-protective properties were assessed in human platelets and their fatty acid (FA) content was evaluated by LC-MS. Sensory tests were performed using napping followed by check-all-that apply (CATA). Mild temperatures (52 °C, 65 °C) did not affect the inhibitory effect of PL from brined and un-brined salmon, against human platelet aggregation induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or collagen. In higher temperatures used for pasteurization (80 °C), a reduction of antithrombotic properties was observed in PL from both un-brined and brined salmon samples. This reduction was accompanied by a decrease of their n3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and overall polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content, but only in the PL of the un-brined salmon preparations. Thus, changes in the fatty acid content of PL of all sous vide salmon preparations, and especially of specific PUFA, seem to be associated with the observed changes in their antithrombotic potency. Changes in the content of the n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), a precursor of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), seem to be associated with differences observed in the antithrombotic potency of PL from different sous vide salmon preparations. Taste attributes were not affected by the conditions of sous-vide preparations, whereas slight textural differences were observed in samples treated at 65 °C and 80 °C. These outcomes, if combined with the observed low values of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in PL of all sous-vide preparations, further suggest a beneficial role for such a mild cooking procedure for preserving the antithrombotic and cardio-protective properties of salmon without affecting its sensory characteristics.
Shane Redfern; Maria Dermiki; Shelley Fox; Ronan Lordan; Katie Shiels; Sushanta Kumar Saha; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ioannis Zabetakis. The effects of cooking salmon sous-vide on its antithrombotic properties, lipid profile and sensory characteristics. Food Research International 2020, 139, 109976 .
AMA StyleShane Redfern, Maria Dermiki, Shelley Fox, Ronan Lordan, Katie Shiels, Sushanta Kumar Saha, Alexandros Tsoupras, Ioannis Zabetakis. The effects of cooking salmon sous-vide on its antithrombotic properties, lipid profile and sensory characteristics. Food Research International. 2020; 139 ():109976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShane Redfern; Maria Dermiki; Shelley Fox; Ronan Lordan; Katie Shiels; Sushanta Kumar Saha; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2020. "The effects of cooking salmon sous-vide on its antithrombotic properties, lipid profile and sensory characteristics." Food Research International 139, no. : 109976.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. The focus of scientists and practitioners for decades has been on cholesterol levels and pharmacological ways to control them. Over the past few years, a new school of thought has emerged: inflammation is the underlying cause of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as CVD. Therefore, the key to reducing the incidence of chronic diseases is to control the activities of various inflammatory mediators, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF), via diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices. One proposal has been that the polar lipids (PL) present in foods can play a key role via their antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. In this paper, we present our latest views on PAF and how it is related to CVD, and we discuss the role of diet and PL against PAF-induced inflammation.
Ronan Lordan; Ioannis Zabetakis; Alexandros Tsoupras. Inflammation and Chronic Diseases: The Polar Lipid Link. Proceedings 2020, 70, 70 .
AMA StyleRonan Lordan, Ioannis Zabetakis, Alexandros Tsoupras. Inflammation and Chronic Diseases: The Polar Lipid Link. Proceedings. 2020; 70 (1):70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan; Ioannis Zabetakis; Alexandros Tsoupras. 2020. "Inflammation and Chronic Diseases: The Polar Lipid Link." Proceedings 70, no. 1: 70.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is a contagion that has rapidly spread around the globe. COVID-19 has caused significant loss of life and disrupted global society at a level never before encountered. While the disease was predominantly characterized by respiratory symptoms initially, it became clear that other systems including the cardiovascular and neurological systems were also involved. Several thrombotic complications were reported including venous thrombosis, vasculitis, cardiomyopathy, and stroke. Thrombosis and inflammation are implicated in various non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This is of significant concern as people with pre-existing conditions such as cardiovascular disorders, renal disorders, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes are at greater risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Consequently, the research surrounding the use of anticoagulants, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 is of critical importance. The adoption of a healthy diet, physical exercise, and lifestyle choices can reduce the risk factors associated with NCDs and the thrombo-inflammatory complications. In this review, these thrombotic complications and potential foods, nutraceuticals, and the antithrombotic constituents within that may prevent the onset of severe thrombotic complications as a result of infection are discussed. While nutrition is not a panacea to tackle COVID-19, it is apparent that a patient's nutritional status may affect patient outcomes. Further intensive research is warranted to reduce to incidence of thrombotic complications.
Alexandros Tsoupras; Ronan Lordan; Ioannis Zabetakis. Thrombosis and COVID-19: The Potential Role of Nutrition. Frontiers in Nutrition 2020, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleAlexandros Tsoupras, Ronan Lordan, Ioannis Zabetakis. Thrombosis and COVID-19: The Potential Role of Nutrition. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020; 7 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandros Tsoupras; Ronan Lordan; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2020. "Thrombosis and COVID-19: The Potential Role of Nutrition." Frontiers in Nutrition 7, no. : 1.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is upending education. Operating schools during the pandemic entails balancing health risks against the consequences of disrupting in-person learning. In the United States, plans differ among states as schools have already reopened or plan to reopen. Scientific understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19) should inform how schools reopen. Although school children and adolescents (ages 3 to 18 years) can develop COVID-19, most remain asymptomatic or experience mild [illness][1]. These youngsters may be less susceptible to infection than older individuals but probably spread the infection at similar rates. SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and adolescents are rising faster than in other age groups as restrictions have been [eased][2]. Infections have been imported into schools from the community. But further transmission within schools has been rare when rigorous measures have been implemented to reduce the risk of person-to-person spread. Larger school outbreaks are associated with increased community transmission, insufficient physical distancing, poor ventilation, and lack of [masking][3]. Schools that implemented transmission mitigation measures (including in European countries) seem not to have substantially contributed to increased circulation of the virus among local communities. What can schools do? The evidence thus far points to three mitigation strategies for reopening. Minimizing the import of infections into the school can stem the spread of COVID-19. Daily symptom screening can identify individuals with COVID-19 at first presentation. They should seek diagnostic testing. However, infections can be silent. Approximately 15 to 50% of children and 10 to 30% of adults will either not notice [symptoms][4] while their immune system fights the infection (asymptomatic carriers) or become infectious 1 to 3 days before symptom onset (presymptomatic [carriers][5]). Current diagnostic tests cannot identify silent infections reliably and are not sufficiently fast and inexpensive to make a school-wide testing-based surveillance system [practical][6]. Thus, the most effective tool for minimizing the risk of infections being carried into schools is to restrict in-person learning to when infection in the local community is controlled. Countries with widespread testing began opening schools with rigorous safety measures in place when fewer than 30 to 50 new infections were observed within 7 days per 100,000 residents over a prolonged period. Countries providing in-person schooling with basic mitigation measures (i.e., distancing, face masks worn in hallways but not classrooms, hand hygiene, ventilation, and staying home with minimal symptoms) typically have close to zero community [transmission][3]. The likelihood of further transmission must be minimized if infections are brought into school. COVID-19 is spread through liquid particles containing the virus that are generated by breathing, speaking, shouting, singing, coughing, and [sneezing][4]. The rapid settling rate of large droplets underlies recommendations for physical distancing, surface disinfection, ventilation, and hand hygiene. Because smaller liquid particles dispersed as aerosols stay airborne, it is not only the distance from another person that determines the risk of transmission, but also the duration of [exposure][7]. Limiting room occupancy, avoiding activities such as singing, and improving ventilation are critical in transmission control. Masks reduce spread by droplets and aerosols by limiting release and inhalation. Airborne spread is much less likely outdoors, but sports, where proximity to excessive exhalation is intrinsic to the game, need to be avoided. Large outbreaks in school can be minimized by limiting secondary transmission to the smallest possible number of persons. Cohorts that remain relatively isolated from each other can reduce person-to-person contact and can facilitate contact tracing if outbreaks [occur][8]. Early detection of infected individuals through symptom surveillance and diagnostic testing can limit quarantine measures to the affected cohorts, rather than having to close grades or the entire school. From these three efforts, a layered approach to risk mitigation in schools can be developed where measures with partial effectiveness are combined to reduce the probability of children, teachers, staff, and family members becoming ill with COVID-19.[*][9] The lower the infection rate in the community, the less stringent other risk mitigation measures need to be. If communities prioritize suppressing viral spread in other social gatherings, then children can go to school. [1]: https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00431-020-03684-7 [2]: https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%208.6.20%20FINAL.pdf [3]: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/children-and-school-settings-covid-19-transmission [4]: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc6197 [5]: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31483-5 [6]: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2015897 [7]: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009637117 [8]: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0898-6 [9]: #fn-1
Ronan Lordan; Garret A. Fitzgerald; Tilo Grosser. Reopening schools during COVID-19. Science 2020, 369, 1146 -1146.
AMA StyleRonan Lordan, Garret A. Fitzgerald, Tilo Grosser. Reopening schools during COVID-19. Science. 2020; 369 (6508):1146-1146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan; Garret A. Fitzgerald; Tilo Grosser. 2020. "Reopening schools during COVID-19." Science 369, no. 6508: 1146-1146.
The structures of bioactive polar lipids (PLs) of Irish ale with potent antithrombotic and cardioprotective properties were elucidated. Ale PL was fractionated by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) into subclasses, and their antithrombotic effect was assessed against human platelet aggregation induced by the pro-inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF). The fatty acid content and the overall structures of ale PL were elucidated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Phosphatidylcholines (PC) and molecules of the sphingomyelin (SM) family exhibited the strongest anti-PAF effects, followed by phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). PC contained higher amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and thus the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio. Bioactive diacyl and alkyl-acyl PC and PE molecules bearing n-3 PUFA at their sn-2 position, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) but mostly oleic acid (OA), were identified in both PC and PE subclasses. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was present only in bioactive PC molecules and not in PE, explaining the lower anti-PAF effects of PE. Bioactive sphingolipid and glycolipid molecules with reported anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties, such as specific ceramides and glucosylcerebrosides with sphingosine, phytosphingosine and dihydrosphingosine bases but also specific monogalactodiglycerides and SM species bearing ALA at their sn-2 position, were identified in the SM subclass, providing a rational for its strong bioactivities against the PAF pathway. Further studies are required on the health benefits of bioactive PL from beer and brewery by-products.
Alexandros Tsoupras; Ronan Lordan; Eoin O'keefe; Katie Shiels; Sushanta Kumar Saha; Ioannis Zabetakis. Structural Elucidation of Irish Ale Bioactive Polar Lipids with Antithrombotic Properties. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 1075 .
AMA StyleAlexandros Tsoupras, Ronan Lordan, Eoin O'keefe, Katie Shiels, Sushanta Kumar Saha, Ioannis Zabetakis. Structural Elucidation of Irish Ale Bioactive Polar Lipids with Antithrombotic Properties. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (7):1075.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandros Tsoupras; Ronan Lordan; Eoin O'keefe; Katie Shiels; Sushanta Kumar Saha; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2020. "Structural Elucidation of Irish Ale Bioactive Polar Lipids with Antithrombotic Properties." Biomolecules 10, no. 7: 1075.
Dairy polar lipids (PL) seem to exhibit antiplatelet effects. However, it is not known what molecular species may be responsible. In this study, we confirmed using C30 reversed-phase (C30RP) ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to high resolution accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry (HRAM-MS/MS) that fermentation of yoghurts from ovine milk using specific starter cultures altered the PL composition. These lipid alterations occurred concomitant with increased antithrombotic properties of the yoghurts PL fractions against platelet-activating factor (PAF) and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Specifically, elevation in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and their molecular species were observed following yoghurt fermentation. Furthermore, PC(18:0/18:1), PE(18:1/18:2), SM(d18:0/22:0) and several other molecular species were significantly inversely correlated with the inhibition of PAF and thrombin. These molecular species were abundant in the most bioactive yoghurts fermented by S. thermophilus and L. acidophilus, which suggest that fermentation by these microorganisms increases the antithrombotic properties of ovine milk PL.
Ronan Lordan; Natalia P. Vidal; Thu Huong Pham; Alexandros Tsoupras; Raymond H. Thomas; Ioannis Zabetakis. Yoghurt fermentation alters the composition and antiplatelet properties of milk polar lipids. Food Chemistry 2020, 332, 127384 .
AMA StyleRonan Lordan, Natalia P. Vidal, Thu Huong Pham, Alexandros Tsoupras, Raymond H. Thomas, Ioannis Zabetakis. Yoghurt fermentation alters the composition and antiplatelet properties of milk polar lipids. Food Chemistry. 2020; 332 ():127384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan; Natalia P. Vidal; Thu Huong Pham; Alexandros Tsoupras; Raymond H. Thomas; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2020. "Yoghurt fermentation alters the composition and antiplatelet properties of milk polar lipids." Food Chemistry 332, no. : 127384.
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has engulfed the world, affecting more than 180 countries. As a result, there has been considerable economic distress globally and a significant loss of life. Sadly, the vulnerable and immunocompromised in our societies seem to be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 complications. Global public health bodies and governments have ignited strategies and issued advisories on various handwashing and hygiene guidelines, social distancing strategies, and, in the most extreme cases, some countries have adopted “stay in place” or lockdown protocols to prevent COVID-19 spread. Notably, there are several significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. These include the presence of poor nutritional status and pre-existing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), obesity, and various other diseases that render the patient immunocompromised. These diseases are characterized by systemic inflammation, which may be a common feature of these NCDs, affecting patient outcomes against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss some of the anti-inflammatory therapies that are currently under investigation intended to dampen the cytokine storm of severe COVID-19 infections. Furthermore, nutritional status and the role of diet and lifestyle is considered, as it is known to affect patient outcomes in other severe infections and may play a role in COVID-19 infection. This review speculates the importance of nutrition as a mitigation strategy to support immune function amid the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying food groups and key nutrients of importance that may affect the outcomes of respiratory infections.
Ioannis Zabetakis; Ronan Lordan; Catherine Norton; Alexandros Tsoupras. COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1466 .
AMA StyleIoannis Zabetakis, Ronan Lordan, Catherine Norton, Alexandros Tsoupras. COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (5):1466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoannis Zabetakis; Ronan Lordan; Catherine Norton; Alexandros Tsoupras. 2020. "COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation." Nutrients 12, no. 5: 1466.
Platelets are central to inflammation-related manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, thromboxane A2 (TxA2), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are some of the key agonists of platelet activation that are at the intersection between a plethora of inflammatory pathways that modulate pro-inflammatory and coagulation processes. The aim of this article is to review the role of platelets and the relationship between their structure, function, and the interactions of their constituents in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Antiplatelet therapies are discussed with a view to primary prevention of CVD by the clinical reduction of platelet reactivity and inflammation. Current antiplatelet therapies are effective in reducing cardiovascular risk but increase bleeding risk. Novel therapeutic antiplatelet approaches beyond current pharmacological modalities that do not increase the risk of bleeding require further investigation. There is potential for specifically designed nutraceuticals that may become safer alternatives to pharmacological antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of CVD but there is serious concern over their efficacy and regulation, which requires considerably more research.
Ronan Lordan; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ioannis Zabetakis. Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents. Blood Reviews 2020, 45, 100694 .
AMA StyleRonan Lordan, Alexandros Tsoupras, Ioannis Zabetakis. Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents. Blood Reviews. 2020; 45 ():100694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2020. "Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents." Blood Reviews 45, no. : 100694.
This review presents the latest research on the cardioprotective effects of n-3 fatty acids (FA) and n-3 FA bound to polar lipids (PL). Overall, n-3 PL may have enhanced bioavailability and potentially bioactivityversusfree FA and ester forms of n-3 FA.
Ronan Lordan; Shane Redfern; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ioannis Zabetakis. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: are marine phospholipids the answer? Food & Function 2020, 11, 2861 -2885.
AMA StyleRonan Lordan, Shane Redfern, Alexandros Tsoupras, Ioannis Zabetakis. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: are marine phospholipids the answer? Food & Function. 2020; 11 (4):2861-2885.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan; Shane Redfern; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2020. "Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: are marine phospholipids the answer?" Food & Function 11, no. 4: 2861-2885.
Tea provides health benefits, while oxidation is part of tea processing. The effect of oxidation on the antithrombotic properties of tea lipid extracts was evaluated for the first time. Total lipids (TL) extracted from fresh tea leaves and commercial tea powder, before and after 30–60 min of oxidation, were further fractionated into neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL). The antithrombotic bioactivities of tea TL, PL, and NL were assessed in human platelets against the inflammatory mediator platelet-activating factor. PL were further assessed against thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate, while their fatty acid composition was evaluated by GC-MS. PL exhibited the strongest antithrombotic effects against all platelet agonists and were rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated (ω3 PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. A decline was observed in the antithrombotic activities, against all platelet agonists tested, for PL after 60 min of oxidation, and on their MUFA content, while their overall ω3 PUFA content and ω6/ω3 ratio remained unaffected. A synergistic effect between tea phenolic compounds and PL protects them against oxidation, which seems to be the rational for retaining the antithrombotic biofunctionalities of PL at a considerable favorable cardioprotective level, even after 60 min of tea oxidation. More studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of the favorable synergism in tea PL extracts.
Alexandros Tsoupras; Ronan Lordan; Jack Harrington; Rebecca Pienaar; Karen Devaney; Stephanie Heaney; Anastasios Koidis; Ioannis Zabetakis. The Effects of Oxidation on the Antithrombotic Properties of Tea Lipids against PAF, Thrombin, Collagen, and ADP. Foods 2020, 9, 385 .
AMA StyleAlexandros Tsoupras, Ronan Lordan, Jack Harrington, Rebecca Pienaar, Karen Devaney, Stephanie Heaney, Anastasios Koidis, Ioannis Zabetakis. The Effects of Oxidation on the Antithrombotic Properties of Tea Lipids against PAF, Thrombin, Collagen, and ADP. Foods. 2020; 9 (4):385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandros Tsoupras; Ronan Lordan; Jack Harrington; Rebecca Pienaar; Karen Devaney; Stephanie Heaney; Anastasios Koidis; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2020. "The Effects of Oxidation on the Antithrombotic Properties of Tea Lipids against PAF, Thrombin, Collagen, and ADP." Foods 9, no. 4: 385.
In the late 1960s, Barbaro and Zvaifler described a substance that caused antigen induced histamine release from rabbit platelets producing antibodies in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Henson described a ‘soluble factor’ released from leukocytes that induced vasoactive amine release in platelets. Later observations by Siraganuan and Osler observed the existence of a diluted substance that had the capacity to cause platelet activation. In 1972, the term platelet-activating factor (PAF) was coined by Benveniste, Henson, and Cochrane. The structure of PAF was later elucidated by Demopoulos, Pinckard, and Hanahan in 1979. These studies introduced the research world to PAF, which is now recognised as a potent phospholipid mediator. Since its introduction to the literature, research on PAF has grown due to interest in its vital cell signalling functions and more sinisterly its role as a pro-inflammatory molecule in several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. As it is forty years since the structural elucidation of PAF, the aim of this review is to provide a historical account of the discovery of PAF and to provide a general overview of current and future perspectives on PAF research in physiology and pathophysiology.
Ronan Lordan; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ioannis Zabetakis; Constantinos A. Demopoulos. Forty Years Since the Structural Elucidation of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF): Historical, Current, and Future Research Perspectives. Molecules 2019, 24, 4414 .
AMA StyleRonan Lordan, Alexandros Tsoupras, Ioannis Zabetakis, Constantinos A. Demopoulos. Forty Years Since the Structural Elucidation of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF): Historical, Current, and Future Research Perspectives. Molecules. 2019; 24 (23):4414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan; Alexandros Tsoupras; Ioannis Zabetakis; Constantinos A. Demopoulos. 2019. "Forty Years Since the Structural Elucidation of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF): Historical, Current, and Future Research Perspectives." Molecules 24, no. 23: 4414.
Nisin P is a natural nisin variant, the genetic determinants for which were previously identified in the genomes of twoStreptococcusspecies, albeit with no confirmed evidence of production. Here we describeStreptococcus agalactiaeDPC7040, a human fecal isolate, which exhibits antimicrobial activity against a panel of gut and food isolates by virtue of producing nisin P. Nisin P was purified, and its predicted structure was confirmed by nanoLC-MS/MS, with both the fully modified peptide and a variant without rings B and E being identified. Additionally, we compared its spectrum of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with that of nisin A and its antimicrobial effect in a fecal fermentation in comparison with nisin A and H. We found that its antimicrobial activity was less potent than nisin A and H, and we propose a link between this reduced activity and the peptide structure.
Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez; Paula M. O’Connor; Gerhard Saalbach; Calum J. Walsh; James W. Hegarty; Caitriona M. Guinane; Melinda J. Mayer; Arjan Narbad; Paul D. Cotter. First evidence of production of the lantibiotic nisin P. 2019, 827204 .
AMA StyleEnriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez, Paula M. O’Connor, Gerhard Saalbach, Calum J. Walsh, James W. Hegarty, Caitriona M. Guinane, Melinda J. Mayer, Arjan Narbad, Paul D. Cotter. First evidence of production of the lantibiotic nisin P. . 2019; ():827204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez; Paula M. O’Connor; Gerhard Saalbach; Calum J. Walsh; James W. Hegarty; Caitriona M. Guinane; Melinda J. Mayer; Arjan Narbad; Paul D. Cotter. 2019. "First evidence of production of the lantibiotic nisin P." , no. : 827204.
Ronan Lordan; Aaron Walsh; Fiona Crispie; Laura Finnegan; Martina Demuru; Alexandros Tsoupras; Paul Cotter; Ioannis Zabetakis. Caprine milk fermentation enhances the antithrombotic properties of cheese polar lipids. Journal of Functional Foods 2019, 61, 1 .
AMA StyleRonan Lordan, Aaron Walsh, Fiona Crispie, Laura Finnegan, Martina Demuru, Alexandros Tsoupras, Paul Cotter, Ioannis Zabetakis. Caprine milk fermentation enhances the antithrombotic properties of cheese polar lipids. Journal of Functional Foods. 2019; 61 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonan Lordan; Aaron Walsh; Fiona Crispie; Laura Finnegan; Martina Demuru; Alexandros Tsoupras; Paul Cotter; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2019. "Caprine milk fermentation enhances the antithrombotic properties of cheese polar lipids." Journal of Functional Foods 61, no. : 1.
Marine polar lipids (PLs) have exhibited promising cardioprotection. In this study, marine by-products such as salmon heads (SHs), their brain, eyes and main optic nerves (SBEON), and head-remnants after SBEON removal (RemSH), as well as herring fillets (HFs), herring heads (HHs) and minced boarfish (MB), were evaluated as potential sustainable sources of such bioactive PLs. The antithrombotic bioactivities of PLs derived from these marine by-products were assessed for the first time in human platelets against platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), while their fatty acid composition was evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PLs from all marine by-products tested possess strong antithrombotic activities against aggregation of human platelets induced by all platelet agonists tested. RemSH, SBEON, HHs, HFs, and MB exhibited strong anti-PAF effects, similar to those previously reported for salmon fillets. PLs from MB had the strongest anti-collagen effects and PLs from SHs and SBEON were the most active against thrombin and ADP. PLs from HHs had similar antithrombotic effects with those from HFs in all agonists. RemSH was less active in all agonists, suggesting that SBEON is the main source of bioactive PLs in SHs. All PLs were rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid, with favourable low values of the ω6/ω3 ratio. Salmon, herring, and boarfish by-products are rich sources of bioactive marine PLs with potent antithrombotic and cardioprotective properties.
Alexandros Tsoupras; Eoin O’Keeffe; Ronan Lordan; Shane Redfern; Ioannis Zabetakis. Bioprospecting for Antithrombotic Polar Lipids from Salmon, Herring, and Boarfish By-Products. Foods 2019, 8, 416 .
AMA StyleAlexandros Tsoupras, Eoin O’Keeffe, Ronan Lordan, Shane Redfern, Ioannis Zabetakis. Bioprospecting for Antithrombotic Polar Lipids from Salmon, Herring, and Boarfish By-Products. Foods. 2019; 8 (9):416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandros Tsoupras; Eoin O’Keeffe; Ronan Lordan; Shane Redfern; Ioannis Zabetakis. 2019. "Bioprospecting for Antithrombotic Polar Lipids from Salmon, Herring, and Boarfish By-Products." Foods 8, no. 9: 416.