The article presents the results of the study of ecological characteristics of soils of three populations on the territory of Karatau. The populations were located in different geographical points with differences in soil types, depth of horizons and content of chemical elements. The study evaluated the main soil parameters including humus content, pH, CO2, macro- and microelements, and salinity level. It was found that population-1 (mountain gray-brown soils) was characterized by the highest content of humus and mobile nitrogen, indicating better availability of nutrients to plants. population-2 (mountain southern serozems) has higher potassium content, which is favourable for plant growth. population-3 (mountain gray-brown soils) showed the lowest content of mobile phosphorus and copper compared to other populations. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations showed that zinc exceeded the maximum permissible concentration only in population-2. At the same time, soil salinization at all three sites remains at a low level and does not pose a threat to the ecosystem. These findings are ecologically significant as they reveal the critical role of soil fertility and contamination in supporting the distribution and survival of the rare endemic species Spiraeanthus schrenkianus. These results provide new information for assessing the fertility and sustainability of land resources.

The article was written as part of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan’s project AP 23486220, titled “Study of the important organ systems reactivity in the main commercial fish species of the Ile-Balkhash basin under anthropogenic load.” (2024-2026). The article represents the study investigating the long-term effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish exposed to PET microplastics at concentrations of 1.9 mg/l and 5.64 mg/l exhibited significant kidney and gill damage. This included necrosis, circulatory disorders, and tissue damage. Histological analysis revealed specific pathological changes such as vacuolization and hyaline-droplet degeneration in kidneys, and destruction of epithelium and lamellae in gills. Notably, no compensatory-adaptive reactions in gills were observed, indicating a lack of adaptation to prolonged exposure. These findings suggest that microplastics may migrate through the bloodstream, disrupting normal kidney and gill structures. The study highlights the severe impact of microplastic pollution on fish organs, emphasizing the urgent need for further research to develop strategies for mitigating microplas-tic pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, the observed lack of adaptive responses underscores the potential for significant ecological consequences, urging immediate attention to address this critical environmental issue.

The article presents information on hydrobiological monitoring in the Ural–Caspian Basin, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic communities in the Ural–Caspian Basin. The annual dynamics of hydrobiont biomass density have been established, showing seasonal variations with the highest values in summer and the lowest in winter. The qualitative and quantitative composition of aquatic organisms was studied depending on the discharge volume and flow levels of the Ural (Zhaiyk) River. In high-water years, the biomass of phytoplankton and the abundance of zooplankton increased by 1.4 and 2.2 times, respectively. In recent years, an increase in the biomass of gelatinous zooplankton has been observed. Among them, the comb jelly Mnemiopsis is spreading particularly actively, successfully colonizing shallow, low-salinity areas of the sea. This species is a major consumer of zooplankton, which negatively affects the food base of planktivorous fish and the juveniles of all ichthyofauna species in the Caspian Sea. An analysis was also conducted on the feeding preferences of anadromous, marine, semi-anadromous, and freshwater species inhabiting the Caspian Sea. Keywords: forage base, abundance, biomass, ichthyofauna, fish diet.

Studiеs оf mеdicinal flоra fоr thе presence of new biologically important components and identification of potentially significant plant species, occupy a special niche in the development of drugs based on plant raw materials. In official medicine, medicinal plants are increasingly used and prioritized in the treatment and prevention of many diseases [1]. Long-term studies of medicinal plants have shown that extracts from them have low toxicity and exhibit therapeutic properties, and the variety of biologically active substances provides a wide range of pharmacological actions of plant preparations. Based on literature data, Pulmonaria mollis is rich in polyphenolic compounds, glycosides (rosmarinic acid), naphthaquinones, terpenes, heterocyclic compounds – allantoin, and many of them have pronounced antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. A comprehensive study was conducted on the aboveground part of Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem., growing in the Alakol District of the Zhetysu Region, Republic of Kazakhstan. The content of biogenic ...

В настоящей статье приводятся и анализируются результаты завершенных и продолжающихся исследований по гематологическим данным для идентификации связи между ухудшением состояния пациентов и уровнем сывороточного ферритина в крови госпитализированных с COVID-19. Как известно, возбудитель инфекции, вирус SARS-Cov-2, имеет высокий вирулентный характер. В связи с этим ВОЗ объявила вспышку COVID-19 пандемией. Повышенный уровень ферритина был обнаружен у пациентов с тяжелым течением коронавирусной инфекции. Следовательно, целью данного исследования было определить взаимосвязь ферритина с критическим состоянием и летальными исходами у больных COVID-19. В процессе исследования были включены в сумме 32 работ, в которых были собраны гематологические данные 9459-ти госпитализированных. Для анализа взаимосвязи ферритина со смертностью и критическим состоянием были взяты 13 исследовании, в которых были рассмотрены данные 6306 инфицированных. Уровень ферритина был значительно повышен у пациентов с тяжелым состоянием по сравнению с уровнем ферритина у пациентов с менее тяжелым течением заболевания. Инфицированные с летальным исходом имели высокий уровень ферритина по сравнению с таковым у пациентов с не летальным исходом. Пациенты с одной или несколькими сопутствующими заболеваниями, включая диабет, тромботические осложнения и рак, имели более высокий уровень ферритина, чем пациенты без сопутствующих заболеваний. А также повреждение печени и развитие острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома (ОРДС) было ассоциировано с высоким уровнем ферритина, а его уровень был связан с попаданием пациентов в отдел интенсивной терапии (ОИТ) и нужду в искусственной вентиляции легких. Гиперферритинемия связана с неблагоприятным прогнозом и может быть маркером ухудшения состояния пациентов с COVID-19. Ключевые слова: COVID-19, коронавирус, ферритин, критические случаи, летальные исходы