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Background. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the most accurate diagnostic method to assess the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules. However, non- diagnostic results may delay diagnosis, cause unnecessary interventions, and distress patients. Aim. We aimed to determine whether a correlation exists between patients' situational anxiety, pain perception and non-diagnostic cytology results. Methods. The prospective study included patients who underwent thyroid FNAB at the Endocrinology Clinic of Sultan Abdulhamid Training and Research Hospital between 11/2022 and 02/2023. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed situational anxiety and pain in patients undergoing biopsy procedures. We evaluated whether the STAI-S and VAS score is related to non-diagnostic results. Results. Of the 119 patients included in the study, 98 were female, and 21 were male. 25 (21%) nodules were non-diagnostic. The patients' mean STAI-S score before the biopsy was 47.31 +/- 12.37, and the mean VAS score after the thyroid biopsy was 2.57 +/- 1.51. A statistically significant relation was found between the patient's STAI-S score and VAS score and the cytology result of non-diagnostic (p= 0.001 and p=0.008). In univariate logistic regression, high pre-procedural anxiety (OR:3.09, 95% CI:1.07-8.94, P =0.037) and VAS score (OR:1.57, 95% CI: 1.17-2.10, P =0.002) were associated with non-diagnostic cytology. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, VAS score (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.07-2.34, p=0.019) was still an independent factor related to specimen adequacy. Conclusions. Anxiety level and pain perception during FNAB may be considered risk factors for non- diagnostic cytology. Thus, reducing anxiety and pain may decrease the incidence of non-diagnostic outcomes.

Aims: The aim of this study is to analyze the readability levels of diabetes-related texts available on the official website of the General Directorate of Public Health of the Turkish Ministry of Health, and to use the findings to guide the preparation of future informational texts. Methods: This research is a descriptive study based on document analysis, aiming to determine the readability of diabetes-related texts developed by the Turkish Ministry of Health. The data was obtained from publicly accessible educational texts published on the General Directorate of Public Health’s website (Cited 2024, June 20. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/diyabet). The Ateşman readability formula was used to evaluate the readability levels of the texts. Results: A total of 32 documents under four main headings were examined using the Ateşman formula, and the average readability score of the texts was found to be 61.69±10.15. Based on their readability levels, 28.1% texts were classified as ‘Easy’, 56.2% as ‘Moderately Difficult’, and 15.6% as ‘Difficult’. Among the 13 texts in the Type 1 Diabetes group, 46.1% were ‘Easy’ and 53.8% were ‘Moderately Difficult’. In the Type 2 Diabetes group, 17.6% were ‘Easy’, 64.7% were ‘Moderately Difficult’, and 17.6% were ‘Difficult’. Conclusion: The readability levels of the analyzed texts in our study are generally in the “Moderately Difficult” category; however, some texts were found to be in the “Difficult” readability level. The readability and understandability of educational materials prepared to improve public health are of great importance. Regular review and optimization of the readability levels of educational materials will enhance public health literacy, contributing to the development of healthier individuals and a healthier society.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the predictive significance of inflammatory parameters as potential markers for malignancy in individuals with thyroid n...

Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the readability of Turkish-language online health information on hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder and to determine whether this information is sufficiently comprehensible for patients. Material and Methods: A descriptive document analysis was conducted using the Ateşman readability formula to evaluate the readability of Turkish websites providing information on hypothyroidism. The study analyzed 52 websites, chosen from the first 100 results in Google searches for "What is hypothyroidism?" (in Turkish). The sources of these websites were categorized into health professionals, private institutions, university hospitals, medical laboratories, and others. The average Word length (AWL) and average sentence length (ASL) were calculated for each website, and readability scores were analyzed. Results: The AWL ranged from 2.64 to 3.17 syllables, and the ASL ranged from 5.2 to 14.2 words per sentence. The average Ateşman readability score was 58.8 ± 6.4, indicating a moderate difficulty level. Of the websites, 86.5% were moderately difficult, 9.6% difficult, and 3.8% easy to read. No significant differences were found between different website sources regarding readability scores (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The study found that Turkish online information regarding hypothyroidism is moderately difficult to read, which may hinder accessibility for individuals with lower educational levels. Simplifying these resources could improve public understanding and patient engagement in managing hypothyroidism.