Nowadays, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures play a crucial role for human beings, providing essential services at astonishing speed. Nevertheless, such a centrality of those infrastructures attracts the interest of ill-motivated actors that target such infrastructures with cyberattacks that are every day more sophisticated and more disruptive. In this alarming context, selecting the optimal set of countermeasures represents a primary need to react against the appearance of potentially dangerous threats effectively. With the motivation to contribute to develop ing faster and more effective response capabilities against them, the paper at hand introduces a novel cybersecurity reaction methodology based on Artificial Immune Systems (AIS), for which the evolutionary computing paradigm has been adopted. By leveraging the outstanding properties of these bio-inspired techniques, the selected countermeasures to defeat cyberthreats through cloning and mutation phases in an effort to improve the quality of the solution from a quantitative perspective, being able to adjust the risk to which the assets of the protected system are exposed. Exhaustive experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, reducing the risk in a more than acceptable time lapse.

Botnets are some of the most recurrent cyber-threats, which take advantage of the wide heterogeneity of endpoint devices at the Edge of the emerging communication environments for enabling the malicious enforcement of fraud and other adversarial tactics, including malware, data leaks or denial of service. There have been significant research advances in the development of accurate botnet detection methods underpinned on supervised analysis but assessing the accuracy and performance of such detection methods requires a clear evaluation model in the pursuit of enforcing proper defensive strategies. In order to contribute to the mitigation of botnets, this paper introduces a novel evaluation scheme grounded on supervised machine learning algorithms that enable the detection and discrimination of different botnets families on real operational environments. The proposal relies on observing, understanding and inferring the behavior of each botnet family based on network indicators measured at flow-level. The assumed evaluation methodology contemplates six phases that allow building a detection model against botnet-related malware distributed through the network, for which five supervised classifiers were instantiated were instantiated for further comparisons—Decision Tree, Random Forest, Naive Bayes Gaussian, Support Vector Machine and K-Neighbors. The experimental validation was performed on two public datasets of real botnet traffic—CIC-AWS-2018 and ISOT HTTP Botnet. Bearing the heterogeneity of the datasets, optimizing the analysis with the Grid Search algorithm led to improve the classification results of the instantiated algorithms. An exhaustive evaluation was carried out demonstrating the adequateness of our proposal which prompted that Random Forest and Decision Tree models are the most suitable for detecting different botnet specimens among the chosen algorithms. They exhibited higher precision rates whilst analyzing a large number of samples with less processing time. The variety of testing scenarios were deeply assessed and reported to set baseline results for future benchmark analysis targeted on flow-based behavioral patterns.