The growth of lithium (Li) dendrites hinders the application of Li metal anodes in rechargeable Li batteries. Herein, a dual-phase alloy of Li–Ca is proposed to replace Li metal as an advanced anode, which is composed of a Li metal phase and a CaLi₂ alloy phase. The three dimensional (3D) CaLi₂ alloy framework forms regular patterns via phase segregation while cooling down the molten Li–Ca alloy in a facile one-step fusion fabrication process, where pattern shape and mechanical stability change with the atomic ratio of Ca to Li. The porous CaLi₂ alloy framework is functionalized as a lithiophilic current collector in the lithiation process, featuring enhanced structural stability and suppressed Li dendrite growth. Consequently, the electrochemical performance of a dual-phase Li–Ca alloy anode with microsized patterns is significantly improved with a Li metal phase as the reservoir providing reversible capacity. This dual-phase Li alloy with a regularly arranged 3D lithiophilic framework provides a new solution for lithium metal batteries.

Inorganic salts (LiCl) were induced to improve the ratio of β and α of PVDF by the solution method.

Oxide is widely used in modifying cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, a facile method of radio magnetron sputtering is introduced to deposit a thin film on Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ composite electrodes. The pristine and modified Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ electrodes are characterized at an extended voltage range of 3–0.01 V. The reversible capacity reaches a high level of 286 mAh g ⁻¹ , which is a little less than its theoretical capacity (293 mAh g ⁻¹ ). Electrodes modified by ZnO thin films with various thickness show elevated rate capability and improved cycle performance.