(1) Background: Many insects have evolved different strategies to adapt to subzero temperatures and parasites, but the supercooling response of pollinator populations under the brood parasitism pressure has not been sufficiently investigated. (2) Methods: This study assessed the supercooling traits (supercooling points, fresh weight and fat content) of the solitary bee Osmia excavata Alfken and its brood parasite, Sapyga coma Yasumatsu & Sugihara. We measured 4035 samples (3025 O. excavata and 1010 S. coma, one individual as one sample) and discovered the supercooling traits relations between solitary bee and brood parasite. (3) Results: Significant differences in the supercooling points were found between O. excavata (females: −24.18 (−26.02~−20.07) vs. males: −23.21 (−25.15~−18.65) °C) and S. coma (females: −22.19 (−25.46~−18.38) vs. males: −20.65 (−23.85~−16.15) °C, p < 0.0001) in the same sex, and also between sexes of same species. The two species’ supercooling traits (supercooling points, fresh weight, and fat content) were significantly positively correlated. The supercooling points of the solitary bee varies regularly under brood parasitism pressure. (4) Conclusions: Our study indicates the supercooling traits relationships between a solitary bee and its brood parasite and suggests that the supercooling points of the solitary bee increase under the biological stress of its brood parasite in a certain level.

Intercropping flowering plants is an ecofriendly and sustainable orchard management practice, yet its effects on multiple ecosystem services remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a two-year field experiment using four species of intercropped flowering plants, including Sechuangzi Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (Apiaceae), Japanese catnip Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. (Lamiaceae), rapeseed Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae), and hairy vetch Vicia villosa Roth. (Fabaceae), in an apple orchard. We selected 22 ecosystem service indicators to establish a comprehensive framework for assessing orchard ecosystem services. In 2020, 19 indicators differed significantly between intercropped flowering plant plots and clean-tillage control plots, while 18 indicators showed significant differences in 2021. The ecosystem service indicators were grouped into six composite multifunctional indicators representing pollination, pest control, habitat provisioning, food provisioning, nutrient cycling, and carbon stock, all of which showed significant enhancement in flowering plant plots compared with the controls. Crucially, these six composite indices demonstrated synergistic interactions, with no trade-offs observed. Compared to clean-tillage control plots, total ecosystem services in 2020 increased by 228% in C. monnieri plots, 222% in B. napus plots, 217% in V. villosa plots, and 126% in S. tenuifolia plots; in 2021, the increases were 248%, 214%, 209%, and 115%, respectively. Overall, these results suggest that intercropping selected flowering plants can improve multiple measured ecosystem service indicators in apple orchards. This practice may provide a promising orchard-floor management strategy for enhancing ecosystem service multifunctionality under the conditions of this two-year field experiment.