In this work, we studied the corrosion of Cu metal in 0.5 mol L⁻¹ HCl and the inhibition effect of the expired Cefazolin drug. The inhibition efficiency (IE) of Cefazolin varied according to its concentration in solution. As the Cefazolin concentration increased to 300 ppm, the IE increased to 87% at 298 K and decreased to 78% as the temperature increased to 318 K. The expired drug functioned as a mixed–type inhibitor. The adsorption of the drug on the copper surface followed Temkin’s adsorption model. The magnitudes of the standard free energy change (ΔG^o_ads) and adsorption equilibrium constant (K_ads) indicated the spontaneous nature and exothermicity of the adsorption process. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques showed that the drug molecules were strongly attached to the Cu surface. The electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results were in good agreement with the results of the weight loss (WL) method. The density functional tight–binding (DFTB) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results indicated that the expired drug bound to the copper surface through the lone pair of electrons of the heteroatoms as well as the π-electrons of the tetrazole ring. The adsorption energy between the drug and copper metal was –459.38 kJ mol⁻¹.

Ni–6W demonstrated promise as a durable and efficient HER catalyst in basic media.

In this study, we deployed green Melilotus officinalis extract (MOE) as a corrosion inhibitor for copper.

In 1 M HCl pickling media, the paprika extract was used as an ecofriendly anti-corrosive material for carbon steel. Many strategies were utilized to estimate the mitigation efficacy such as potentiodynamic polarization (PP), frequency modulation (EFM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and mass loss. Surface analyses were accomplished by scanning microscopy (SEM) and dispersion X-ray (EDX) techniques. The mitigation efficacy ameliorates with the concentration of extract and temperature. The inhibition is ascribed to the building of a protective coating at the surface of carbon steel that reduces its dissolution. The adsorption of Paprika extract on steel metal satisfied Langmuir^, s model. The adsorption belongs to the physical and chemical types. The adsorption of the extract affected both anodic and cathodic reactions. Tafel curves demonstrated that the Paprika is a mixed inhibitor. The Nyquist curves confirmed that Paprika extract prohibits the disintegration of steel in acid media without changing the dissolution reaction mechanism. The adsorption of the Paprika extract on the carbon steel metal was confirmed by ATR - FTIR analysis and SEM examination. Using 300 ppm of Paprika extract, a maximum inhibitory efficacy of 95% was observed at 313 K. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT