Women are generally less active than men; therefore, the search for an attractive form of physical activity that benefits women’s health is underway. This study aimed to investigate the influence of a 24-week physical activity program on body composition and indices of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism in sedentary, healthy women. The study comprised 18 female volunteers (mean age 35.0 ± 5.3 years). Dietary intake was assessed using a standardized seven-day food record. Before entering the program and after completing it, each participant’s body composition and indices of glycolipid metabolism were measured. Insulin resistance indexes were calculated based on the obtained data. After the physical activity program, significant decreases in body mass and composition, BMI, waist circumference, percentage of fat content, and fat mass were found. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), and resistin concentrations, as well as in the mean values of HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. A substantial increase in adiponectin levels was also found. To conclude, the combined endurance–resistance physical activity program had a beneficial effect on body mass and composition and improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal-weight, healthy women. Therefore, we recommend this activity to sedentary young women to prevent obesity and metabolic disorders.

Introduction: In the literature there is lack of information on the influence of gender and time since autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on the immune reconstitution in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of the immune reconstitution according to gender in MM patients after autologous HSCT on the day of the clinic discharge and on the 29th day after discharge, as well as to investigate the changes in the immune system in females and males after staying at home for 28 days. Method: The studied population comprised 13 females and 13 males after autologous HSCT. On the day of the clinic discharge and on the 29th day after discharge blood samples were taken to analyse 22 immunological parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 10 StatSoft Poland. For multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was used. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the analysed immunological parameters between the studied females and males with MM on the day of the clinic discharge and on the 29th day after discharge. However, on the 29th day after the clinic discharge compared to the day of the clinic discharge, statistically significant differences were found in 8 immunological parameters among females and 6 immunological parameters among males. Conclusion and recommendation: Our results indicate that the immune reconstitution is similar but not the same in patients of both genders. Statistically significant differences in the immune response in the studied females and males imply that gender may play a role in the immune reconstitution and that the results obtained in MM patients should be analysed separately in females and males. In order to explain the observed changes in the immune system according to gender, further research should be carried out on a larger population. This would most probably make it possible to find their clinical application.