The nature of stone relic bodies is mainly determined by their stratigraphic properties; large open-air stone relics are affected by the stratigraphic span in space and have variations in weathering, and the systematic study of these variations is relevant to the prevention and treatment of weathering and restoration on the premise of the research and development of materials. Traditional research on the weathering of stone relics is usually focused on local or small-scale analysis, which uses qualitative evaluations by employing engineering geology techniques to determine weathering levels. However, quantitative research is relatively rare because large open-air stone relics lack systematic and comprehensive research. To systematically study the degree of weathering of large stone relics and quantify their variations, a method for determining the degree of weathering variation in large stone relics from macro- and micro perspectives was established by using a variety of experimental methods with combined testing to carry out a systematic study of the degree of weathering. The results show that there are obvious variations in the degree of weathering of large open-air stone relics and stratigraphic stratification of the rocks forming these relics have been carried out through field investigations and identifications using rock-thin sections. There are variations in mineral composition and elemental content between different layers, and SiO₂/(CaO+Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) was chosen to characterize the loss of colloids from large open-air stone relics. Al₂O₃/(K₂O+CaO) was chosen to react with the degree of chemical weathering of large open-air stone relics, and a comprehensive comparative analysis of the variations between the layers of large open-air stone relics was carried out. The microscopic pore structures also differ between different layers, and the permeability of layers with dominant distributions of large pore-size pores is greater, which provides more convenient channels for water seepage, thus leading to more severe weathering. This study provides a new quantitative method for studying the weathering variations of large stone relics and provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of weathering damage to large stone relics.

Burial stone relics remain in a humid, semi-enclosed environment for long periods, and temperature and humidity variations can cause deterioration acceleration. Yang Can’s tomb was selected as the research object, and field monitoring and simulations were performed to investigate the characteristics of temperature and humidity variations, after which the simulation results were evaluated. The monitoring results showed that solar radiation, rainfall, wind speed, and depth of entry are important factors affecting the variation in the temperature and humidity of burial stone relics. The temperature outside the chamber is greatly affected by seasonal variations, while the humidity inside the chamber is influenced by seasonal variations, so appropriate measures should be implemented inside and outside the chamber during different seasons to alleviate deterioration. On the basis of the above analysis, a temperature and humidity model for the interior chamber of burial stone relics was established in COMSOL software 5.6, combined with a porous medium heat transfer model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The temperature and humidity inside the chamber can be calculated by the temperature and humidity outside the chamber. This study provides data support for hydrothermal, condensation and other related studies of burial stone relics.