The high fat diet alters intestinal microbiota due to increased intestinal permeability and susceptibility to microbial antigens leads to metabolic endotoxemia. But probiotic juices reported for various health benefits. In this background we hypothesized that pectinase treated probiotic banana juice has diverse effects on HFD induced obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 20 weeks fed HFD successfully induced obesity and its associated complications in experimental rats. The supplementation of probiotic banana juice for 5 months at a dose of 5 mL/kg bw/day resulted significant decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight (380 ± 0.34), total fat (72 ± 0.8), fat percentage (17 ± 0.07) and fat free mass (165 ± 0.02). Reduction (p < 0.05) in insulin resistance (5.20 ± 0.03), lipid profile (TC 120 ± 0.05; TG 160 ± 0.24; HDL 38 ± 0.03), liver lipid peroxidation (0.7 ± 0.01), hepatic enzyme markers (AST 82 ± 0.06; ALT 78 ± 0.34; ALP 42 ± 0.22), and hepatic steatosis by increasing liver antioxidant potential (CAT 1.4 ± 0.30; GSH 1.04 ± 0.04; SOD 0.82 ± 0.22) with normal hepatic triglycerides (15 ± 0.02) and glycogen (0.022 ± 0.15) contents and also showed normal liver size, less accumulation of lipid droplets with only a few congestion. It is concluded that the increased intestinal S. cerevisiae yeast can switch anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antioxidative stress, antioxidant and anti-hepatosteatosis effect. This study results will have significant implications for treatment of NAFLD.

Background: Brucella abortus S19 vaccination forms the cornerstone of the national brucellosis control program. Monitoring post-vaccination immune responses is crucial to assess vaccine performance across diverse regions and species. Methods: Two-phase nationwide seromonitoring study was conducted during 2021–2022 (Phase I) and 2022–2023 (Phase II) across seven geographical regions. A total of 51,759 serum samples were collected from S19-vaccinated cattle and buffalo calves of 4–8 months at four-days post-vaccination (DPV) intervals. Samples were analyzed using an in-house developed protein G-based indirect ELISA, and seroconversion rates were calculated. Statistical comparisons were performed, and spatial heterogeneity was mapped. Results: The overall seroconversion rate was 70.96%, with Phase I showing a higher seropositivity (76.05%) than Phase II (65.66%). Regionally, the Western (81.8%) and Southern (80.77%) regions showed the highest efficacy, while the Central region had the lowest (65.89%). Antibody kinetics peaked at 21–45 DPV (73.14%) and declined gradually to 43.27% by 91–120 DPV. A clear species effect was observed, with cattle calves showing higher seroconversion rates (77.12%) than buffalo calves (67.34%). Conclusions: This large-scale systematic evaluation highlights that S19 vaccine induces substantial seroconversion with regional, temporal, and species-specific differences. These insights provide crucial evidence for refining and strengthening India’s national brucellosis control program.

This Article contains errors. Due to an error when preparing the graphs in Fig. 1 A, B, and F, the standard error for the last data point of each group was applied to all data points.