Objectives: ChatGPT is a large language model that is able to generate human-like text. The aim of this study was to evaluate ChatGPT as a potential supplement to urological clinical practice by exploring its capacity, efficacy and accuracy when delivering information on frequently asked questions from patients with bladder cancer. Methods: We proposed 10 hypothetical questions to ChatGPT to simulate a doctor–patient consultation for patients recently diagnosed with bladder cancer. The responses were then assessed using two predefined scales of accuracy and completeness by Specialist Urologists. Results: ChatGPT provided coherent answers that were concise and easily comprehensible. Overall, mean accuracy scores for the 10 questions ranged from 3.7 to 6.0, with a median of 5.0. Mean completeness scores ranged from 1.3 to 2.3, with a median of 1.8. ChatGPT was also cognizant of its own limitations and recommended all patients should adhere closely to medical advice dispensed by their healthcare provider. Conclusions: This study provides further insight into the role of ChatGPT as an adjunct consultation tool for answering frequently asked questions from patients with bladder cancer diagnosis. Whilst it was able to provide information in a concise and coherent manner, there were concerns regarding the completeness of information conveyed. Further development and research into this rapidly evolving tool are required to ascertain the potential impacts of AI models such as ChatGPT in urology and the broader healthcare landscape.

Background/Objectives: Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a minimally invasive intervention for overactive bladder (OAB) typically utilized in patients for whom behavioural and pharmacological therapies do not work. The aim of this study is to identify predictors of progression to alternate minimally invasive treatment options following PTNS in patients with OAB refractory to medical and behavioural therapy. In addition, the aim of this study is to determine predictors of maintenance therapy after completing PTNS induction. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort analysis of patients that underwent PTNS between March 2018 and June 2023 for management of overactive bladder. The primary outcome of this study is progression to alternate minimally invasive treatment options following PTNS, such as sacral neuromodulation or intradetrusor onabotulinum toxin injections. The secondary outcome of this study is the continuation of maintenance therapy following the initial 12-week PTNS treatment course. Results: A total of 49 patients were included for analysis. Overall, 33% (16/49) of patients had further alternate minimally invasive treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified only age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; p = 0.05) as a significant predictor of progression to alternate minimally invasive OAB treatment following PTNS. Overall, 27 (55%) patients continued with ongoing monthly maintenance PTNS after completing initial weekly treatment for OAB. Multivariate logistic regression only identified sex as a predictor of ongoing maintenance PTNS (OR = 13.2; p = 0.017). Conclusions: The present study identifies younger age as a significant predictor of progression to further minimally invasive OAB treatments after PTNS. Furthermore, female sex was found to be a significant predictor of ongoing maintenance PTNS.